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Age at menopause and cognitive function and decline among middle‐aged and older women in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011–2018
INTRODUCTION
Chinese women experience higher dementia rates than men, yet sex‐specific risk factors are understudied. We examined how menopause age affects cognitive function and decline in aging Chinese women.
METHODS
Data were from 7419 postmenopausal women 45–101 years of age at baseline in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 2011–2018). Menopause age was categorized using clinical cutoffs (<40, 40–44, 45–49, 50–55, >55 years). Cognitive function was assessed with neuropsychological tests up to four times over 7 years, and associations were analyzed using multivariable‐adjusted linear mixed‐effects regression.
RESULTS
Compared to menopause at 50–55 years (3661/7419; 49.3%), premature (<40; 235/7419; 3.2%), early (40–44; 623/7419; 8.4%), and late menopause (>55; 366/7419; 4.9%) were associated with lower baseline cognitive scores. Although the rate of cognitive decline did not differ significantly across menopause age groups, late menopause showed a trend toward faster decline.
DISCUSSION
Cognitive health interventions should consider extreme menopausal age as a risk factor.
Highlights
Extreme menopausal ages—premature (<40), early (40–44), and late (>55)—are linked to lower baseline cognition versus menopause ages 50–55, persisting over 7 years.
Cognitive disadvantage for late menopause (>55) versus 50–55 tends to increase over time.
Health interventions should consider extreme menopause ages in women's cognitive health.
Journal Article
Biological and social reproductive factors and late‐life cognitive function in middle‐aged and older Chinese women
INTRODUCTION
Few studies have concurrently examined the biological and social reproductive factors in relation to women's cognitive aging.
METHODS
We analyzed 8577 women and 7872 men ≥45 years of age from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Biological reproductive factors included reproductive span, age at menarche, and age at menopause; social reproductive factors included number of children and age at first live birth. Multivariable regression models were sequentially adjusted for age, childhood cognition proxy, education, and current health and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
Longer reproductive span was associated with better cognitive performance in women, whereas a higher number of children were linked to poorer cognition in both sexes, particularly in women. These associations remained robust after full adjustment, compared with age at menarche, age at menopause, and age at first birth.
CONCLUSION
Integrating biological and social reproductive factors provides insights into sex‐specific cognitive aging patterns and may inform tailored dementia prevention strategies.
Highlights
A longer reproductive span was linked to better cognition in older Chinese women.
More children were linked to poorer cognition in both sexes, especially in women.
Reproductive span and number of children showed robust associations with late‐life cognition, stronger than other reproductive factors.
Journal Article
Grandmothers on Guard
For about a decade, one of the most influential forces in US anti-immigrant politics was the Minuteman Project. The armed volunteers made headlines patrolling the southern border. What drove their ethno-nationalist politics?Jennifer L. Johnson spent hundreds of hours observing and interviewing Minutemen, hoping to answer that question. She reached surprising conclusions. While the public face of border politics is hypermasculine—men in uniforms, fatigues, and suits—older women were central to the Minutemen. Women mobilized support and took part in border missions. These women compel us to look beyond ideological commitments and material benefits in seeking to understand the appeal of right-wing politics. Johnson argues that the women of the Minutemen were motivated in part by the gendered experience of aging in America. In a society that makes old women irrelevant, aging white women found their place through anti-immigrant activism, which wedded native politics to their concern for the safety of their families. Grandmothers on Guard emphasizes another side of nationalism: the yearning for inclusion. The nation the Minutemen imagined was not only a space of exclusion but also one in which these women could belong.
eBook
Fashion and age : dress, the body and later life
A fascinating account of the relationship between dress and age and an investigation into the changing ways in which the fashion industry interacts with older generations. The book is driven by the desire to extend the remit of the study of fashion to encompass clothing as part of everyday bodily life.
Book
“Had It Not Been For My Mother, What Would I Have Done”? Young Parents’ Engagement With Older Female Relatives in Maternal and Infant Care in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
This article investigates young parents’ experiences with the involvement of older female relatives in the care of pregnant women, nursing mothers and infants in urban and rural Ghana. The data are derived from semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, and observations with fathers, mothers and older women. The results indicate that in both rural and urban areas of Ghana, older women provide social and practical support to their pregnant relatives and their relatives with newborns. However, among urban participants, there are instances of friction between parents and older women when parents permit or restrict the aspects of care in which older women should engage. These findings underscore the importance of family and kin, especially older women in maternal and infant care, as part of the communally oriented motherhood and sex complementary roles that are common in precolonial Africa. Although nuclear family structures have become prominent in many Ghanaian settings, the role of kin and family in reproductive care continues. The article concludes that maternal and infant care initiatives could be strategically aligned with locally inspired social relations and provisions for care.
Journal Article
Struggles in (elderly) care : a feminist view
This book provides a critical engagement with the intensified struggles to be found within elderly care provision. Various social and political processes, including the forces of globalisation and the de-gendering of care, have changed how we might understand this national and global political concern. Emerging discourses such as neoliberalism have also reframed elderly care to increase existing tensions at the individual, national, and transnational level. Dahl argues that in order to grasp these new realities of care we need a new analytical framework that redirects us to new sites of contestation. Dahl approaches these issues from a post-structuralist and radical feminist position, while drawing from feminist sociology, feminist political science, nursing philosophy and feminist history. In particular, Struggles In (Elderly) Care highlights how the predominantly feminist theorization of care has been dominated by a sociological bias that could be improved using insights from political science concerning concepts of power and struggle, and the importance of the state and governance. This book will be of interest to researchers in sociology, gerontology, nursing, and feminist studies.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Perspectives of Rural Older Women on the Determinants of Successful Ageing in Southeast Nigeria
As the global population of older persons continues to increase, the need for improved quality of life and increased life satisfaction has made successful ageing a critical discourse. The concept of successful ageing is subject to socio-cultural interpretations; thus, our study delved into the perspectives of rural older women on the determinants of successful ageing. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 rural older women aged 65 years and above in Awgu Local Government Area, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Data collected were analysed thematically, and findings revealed that positive social and spiritual relationships were the most critical determinants of successful ageing. Access to and utilisation of digital technology to maintain social ties were also recognised as crucial to the successful ageing of rural older women. Thus, interventions towards successful ageing should focus on improving healthy spirituality, positive social relations and improved connection with social ties through increased access to digital technology.
Journal Article