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IntroductionNicotine pouches are gaining popularity, yet their marketing is understudied.MethodsUsing Numerator advertising data from January 2019 to September 2021 regarding three popular brands of nicotine pouch in the USA—Zyn (by Swedish Match, introduced in the USA in July 2016), On! (Altria, August 2016) and Velo (RJ Reynolds, July 2019)—we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (eg, media type, year); (2) ad content (ie, headlines and imagery themes); (3) prominent media channels (ie, specific websites, magazines, etc); and (4) ad expenditures.ResultsThere were 286 unique ads (Zyn: 44.4%; On!: 2.8%; Velo: 52.8%), 119 143 occurrences (Zyn: 3.5%; On!: 0.5%; Velo: 96.0%) and $24 774 650 total expenditures (Zyn: 4.7%; On!: 0.6%; Velo: 94.7%). The greatest proportion of ad occurrences and expenditures were accounted for by radio (75.9% and 28.2%, respectively) and television (16.2% and 56.5%), followed by mobile (0.5% and 7.2%) and online display (6.7% and 3.6%). Across ad occurrences and expenditures, prominent headline themes included ‘freedom’ (26.0% and 17.1%, respectively), ‘brand’ (9.6% and 18.6%) and ‘flavour’ (16.4% and 7.6%); images mainly featured the product alone (61.4% and 56.1%), text (16.2% and 24.6%) or men (8.7% and 8.6%); and prominent channel themes were entertainment (34.7% and 37.3%), news/weather (14.3% and 21.7%), business/finance (12.9% and 9.0%) and sports (9.5% and 1.0%). Zyn and On! prioritised online display and print; Velo prioritised radio and television. Zyn’s and Velo’s headlines focused on ‘freedom’, with Zyn also emphasising ‘brand’ and Velo ‘innovation’; On!’s headlines emphasised ‘flavour’.ConclusionsRegulatory efforts must be informed by surveillance of nicotine pouch marketing and impacts on consumer subgroups (eg, young people).

How do firms respond to entry in multi-sided markets? We address this question by studying the impact of Craigslist, a website providing classified-advertising services, on local U.S. newspapers. We exploit temporal and geographical variation in Craigslist's entry to show that newspapers with greater reliance on classified-ad revenue experience a larger drop in classified-ad rates after Craigslist's entry. The impact of Craigslist's entry on the classified-ad side appears to propagate to other sides of the newspapers' market. On the subscriber side, these newspapers experience an increase in subscription prices, a decrease in circulation, and an increase in differentiation from each other. On the display-ad side, affected newspapers experience a decrease in display-ad rates. We also find evidence that affected newspapers are less likely to make their content available online. Finally, we estimate that Craigslist's entry leads to $5.0 billion (year 2000 dollars) in savings to classified-ad buyers during 2000-2007. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.

Online advertising accounts for almost 9 percent of all advertising in the United States. This share is expected to increase as more media is consumed over the Internet and as more advertisers shift spending to online technologies. The expansion of Internet-based advertising is transforming the advertising business by providing more efficient methods of matching advertisers and consumers and transforming the media business by providing a source of revenue for online media firms that competes with traditional media firms. The precipitous decline of the newspaper industry is one manifestation of the symbiotic relationship between online content and advertising. Online-advertising is provided by a series of interlocking multisided platforms that facilitate the matching of advertisers and consumers. These intermediaries increasingly make use of detailed individual data, predictive methods, and matching algorithms to create more efficient matches between consumers and advertisers. Some of their methods raise public policy issues that require balancing benefits from providing consumers more valuable advertising against the possible loss of valuable privacy.

In April 2022, the Government of Canada introduced Bill C-18 (the Online News Act). This Bill is one of the recent attempts by governments in several countries to address a perceived crisis-level disruption to newspapers’ finances by requiring internet platform operators to pay for newspapers’ content displayed on their platforms. As of the writing of these comments, the Bill has passed the third reading at the House of Commons and is now awaiting review and voting by the Senate. The stated purpose of Bill C-18 is “to regulate digital news intermediaries with a view to enhancing fairness in the Canadian digital news marketplace and contributing to its sustainability, including the sustainability of news businesses in Canada, in both the non-profit and for-profits sectors, including independent local ones.” It seeks to accomplish this goal by “establish[ing] a framework through which digital news intermediary operators and news businesses may enter into agreements respecting news content that is made available by digital news intermediaries.” The key element of Bill C-18 is empowering an “eligible news business” or “group of eligible news businesses” to initiate a regulated bargaining process (either individually or collectively) with an “operator” of a “digital news intermediary” and imposing a corresponding duty on such operator to participate in the process, coupled with a duty on all participants to bargain in good faith. The bargaining process consists of three steps. It begins with bargaining sessions. If the parties are unable within a reasonable period to reach an agreement in the bargaining sessions, they enter mediation sessions, and if the mediation sessions do not result in an agreement within a reasonable period, then either party may initiate final offer arbitration. The underlying assumption behind the proposed legislation is that fundamental unfairness exists in the relationships between news publishers and internet platforms. Essentially, the Bill’s animating narrative draws a connection between newspapers’ declining revenue (both from advertising and from readers’ subscriptions), the growth of digital advertising and of Google’s and Facebook’s dominance thereof, and the fact that newspapers’ content can be accessed freely via Google News or Facebook users’ postings. The logic runs as follows: By providing links to newspapers’ stories, Google and Facebook freeride on that content to attract readers to their platforms (and away from newspapers). As readers have migrated, so have advertisers. Faced with dwindling advertising revenue and confronting platforms with unmatched bargaining power, newspapers have no choice but to acquiesce to the sharing of their stories through these platforms because without readers’ traffic to their websites, they would lose even more advertisers. Hence not only the need to force platforms into a negotiation process that could result in payment obligations imposed on them through mandatory arbitration but also the need to allow newspaper publishers to bargain collectively. In the following comments, I wish first to question the logic behind the proposed legislation and then to highlight and discuss three noteworthy elements of Bill C-18: (1) how it relates to and departs from copyright (and how it contemplates payments for actions and in circumstances that exceed news publishers’ entitlements under the Copyright Act); (2) the difference between collective administration of copyright and the Bill C-18’s collective bargaining model; and (3) the sweeping immunity from scrutiny under the Competition Act afforded to such collective bargaining. Finally, I will share my biggest concern about Bill C-18’s proposed solution: its sedating impact on the watchdog role of the press.

•Online banner advertising has a stronger impact than search advertising.•Specialty print advertising has a stronger impact than general print advertising.•General print advertising is complementary to specialty print advertising, but not vice versa.•Online advertising is complementary to offline advertising, but not vice versa. Retailers are accelerating direct marketing efforts to reach consumers, and increasingly integrating telephone numbers in online and offline advertisements to generate direct response. The telephone channel is a channel for both lead generation and sales, and yet its effectiveness for direct sales is unexplored. We provide a novel investigation of the effects of online and offline advertising (search advertising, banner advertising, general print advertising and specialty print advertising) on inbound telephone sales using a unique channel-specific telephone sales dataset. We make four findings: banner advertising, typically suited for exposure-based objectives in online and offline channels, is in fact more effective than search advertising to influence inbound telephone sales in both the short term and long term; print advertising is useful for generating inbound telephone sales; there are synergies for advertising in general (non-product focused) and specialty print (product focused) media; and online advertising is complementary to offline advertising and influences inbound telephone sales from print media. These results highlight that the combinations of advertising sources that effectively generate inbound telephone sales are different from those observed to influence sales in other channels, and have important managerial implications. [Display omitted]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to reveal how advertising messages were constructed in Turkish magazines, in addition to revealing the state of Turkish magazines in the span of seven years. Methodology: A content analysis has been conducted to reveal the usage levels of information cues and emotional appeals on 876 advertisements published in Turkish magazines in February 2018, 2021, and 2024. Results: Magazines carry a lower number of ads compared to 2018, with some exceptions. Information cues are present in all ads, while emotional appeals are found in 35,3%. There is a statistically significant difference in Price/Value, Quality, Availability, Independent Research, Company Research and New Ideas cues and humor appeal across the years. The most used emotional appeal is the warmth appeal (23,9%), and it is followed by nostalgia (5,8%), eroticism (5,3%), humor (2,5%) and fear (1,9%). Discussion and conclusions: Print magazines are facing challenges in an increasingly digital environment. In addition, the effects of the pandemic are evident in the advertisements published in 2021, according to our findings. However, not all magazines are the same. Some of the magazines have a higher ad-to-total page number ratio compared to 2018. Another factor affecting magazine advertising and advertisers in general is the economic challenges. These are reflected in the use of cues and appeals. Among the emotional appeals, warmth may be relatively low-risk compared to the rest, and this may explain their lower percentages. Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es revelar cómo se construyeron los mensajes publicitarios en las revistas turcas, además de revelar el estado de las revistas turcas en el lapso de siete años. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de contenido para revelar los niveles de uso de señales informativas y apelaciones emocionales en 876 anuncios publicados en revistas turcas en febrero de 2018, 2021 y 2024. Resultados: Las revistas tienen un menor número de anuncios en comparación con 2018, con algunas excepciones. Las señales informativas están presentes en todos los anuncios, mientras que las apelaciones emocionales se encuentran en el 35,3%. Existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las señales de Precio/Valor, Calidad, Disponibilidad, Investigación Independiente, Investigación de la Empresa y Nuevas Ideas y el atractivo del humor a lo largo de los años. El atractivo emocional más utilizado es el atractivo de la calidez (23,9%), seguido de la nostalgia (5,8%), el erotismo (5,3%), el humor (2,5%) y el miedo (1,9%). Discusión y conclusiones: Las revistas impresas se enfrentan a retos en un entorno cada vez más digital. Además, los efectos de la pandemia son evidentes en los anuncios publicados en 2021, según nuestros hallazgos. Sin embargo, no todas las revistas son iguales. Algunas de las revistas tienen una mayor relación entre anuncios y páginas totales en comparación con 2018. Otro factor que afecta a la publicidad en revistas y a los anunciantes en general son los desafíos económicos. Estos se reflejan en el uso de señales y apelaciones. Entre las apelaciones emocionales, la calidez puede tener un riesgo relativamente bajo en comparación con el resto, y esto puede explicar sus porcentajes más bajos.

The exponential growth in digital media has recently challenged the value of print media in the overall marketing mix. Across three studies, the authors evaluate the relative effectiveness of print ads versus digital ads. In Study 1, using eye tracking and biometric measures during exposure, the authors find stronger encoding and engagement for print ads over digital ads. A week later, participants showed no significant difference in recognizing ads across format, though they better remembered the encoding context of print ads. Notably, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors find greater activation in hippocampus and parahippocampal regions for print ads relative to digital ads. Extending these insights, Study 2 demonstrates that participants better remember print ads across contents, context, and brand associations when using snippets as retrieval cues. In addition to establishing the robustness of previous findings, Study 3 provides further evidence that the observed memory advantage for print ads is primarily due to superior encoding during initial exposure. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that marketers should not discount the value of print media in advertising, despite the rapid growth of digital media and communications.

BackgroundTobacco product advertising has been shown to reach youth and promote initiation. This study assessed trends in e-cigarette advertising expenditures in the USA during 2014–2018, overall and by manufacturer and media type.MethodsData came from Kantar Media, which provides information on US advertising expenditures, including for e-cigarettes. Advertising expenditures were estimated as the dollar amount spent by e-cigarette companies to purchase advertising space in print, television, Internet, radio and outdoors. Dollar amounts were adjusted to 2017 dollars. Trends in e-cigarette advertising expenditures during 2014–2018 were analysed using Joinpoint regression overall, by media type, and by manufacturers based on 2017–2018 national sales.ResultsTotal e-cigarette advertising expenditures in print, radio, television, Internet and outdoors decreased substantially from US$133 million in 2014 to US$48 million in 2017, followed by an increase to US$110 million in 2018. By media type, expenditures were highest for print advertising, irrespective of year. By manufacturer, Altria had the highest e-cigarette advertising expenditures, totalling over US$134 million during 2014–2018. Imperial Tobacco had the second highest, totalling over US$85 million during 2014–2018, while JUUL Labs had the highest single-year expenditures, spending over US$73 million in 2018 alone.ConclusionsE-cigarette advertising expenditures have been volatile in the USA, with declines in traditional advertising venues during 2014–2017 that may reflect a shift towards social media. However, an increase occurred in 2018 that is likely reflective of advertising by newer manufacturers. Continued monitoring of e-cigarette advertising is important to inform tobacco control strategies.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of sexual appeal in print media on consumers’ brand recall. More specifically, the differences between the fixation time on the “image” and “logo” elements in advertisements, with and without sexual appeal, were verified. Design/methodology/approach - The correct research is experimental in nature, and divided into three stages: choosing the print advertisements to be viewed by the participants with eye tracking, capturing participants’ eye movements using a special eye tracking equipment and completing the questionnaire for calculating the number of brands recalled by the participants. Findings - The authors have identified that there are no statistically relevant differences between the number of brands recalled, whether the advertisement does or does not have any sexual appeal. Practical implications - The use of sexual appeal in advertisements on print media must be made with caution, and several implications for the textile and apparel industry are expressed in the conclusions. Originality/value - The study’s relevance is threefold: the authors present more recent results about the relationship between sexual appeal and brand recall, as the most recent research study of a similar type was published in the late 1990s; they adopt key concepts from the neuromarketing field in an attempt to connect memory with the capacity of different components of the advertisements, to attract the visual attention of consumers; and they present results for three different product categories (alcohol, apparel and perfume).