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"Psychology, Pathological -- Etiology"
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Development of psychopathology : a vulnerability-stress perspective
Edited by Benjamin L. Hankin and John R. Z. Abela, Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective brings together the foremost experts conducting groundbreaking research into the major factors shaping psychopathological disorders across the lifespan in order to review and integrate the theoretical and empirical literature in this field. The volume editors build upon two important and established research and clinical traditions: developmental psychopathology frameworks and vulnerability-stress models of psychological disorders.
eBook
Causality and Psychopathology
This volume contains contributions from leading scholars of causal thinking in epidemiology and psychopathology research. Based on presentations at the ground-breaking 2008 meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, the authors explore the meaning of causal statements that are made from statistical and experimental evidence; then, they suggest novel approaches to analyze these statements and thus make them more informative and medically rigorous.
eBook
Adversity, stress, and psychopathology
Adversity involves exposure to unpropitious or calamitous circumstances. It occurs in extreme situations such as prolonged combat or natural disasters, both of which affect whole groups or communities of people simultaneously. It is found as well in more individually targeted events such as child abuse, bereavement, rape, physical illness, marital separation or divorce, unemployment, and homelessness. Exposure to adversity is not randomly distributed in society. It varies, for example, with gender, ethnic or racial background, and socioeconomic status. And some types of adversity can be precipitated by an individual's own actions. In this volume, the leading investigators review research on the nature of adversity and its relationship to major types of psychopathology including schizophrenia, depression, alcoholism and other substance-use disorders, antisocial personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and nonspecific distress. These relationships are examined in terms of theoretical concepts of life stress that describe the characteristics of the ongoing situation in which adverse events occur and the factors of personality and coping ability that also affect psychiatric outcomes. The authors sift through firm and infirm findings and critically evaluate existing theory and research strategies and provide and integrative theoretical framework. No other book offers as comprehensive and authoritative a discussion of the role of psychosocial stress in causing mental disorders.
eBook
Deleuze and Guattari
This book provides a systematic account of the intellectual context as well as an exhaustive analysis of the key themes informing Deleuze and Guattari′s work. It will be invaluable in situating the philosophy of these two major figures within the perspective of the social and human sciences.
eBook
Psychiatric genetics and the structure of psychopathology
For over a century, psychiatric disorders have been defined by expert opinion and clinical observation. The modern DSM has relied on a consensus of experts to define categorical syndromes based on clusters of symptoms and signs, and, to some extent, external validators, such as longitudinal course and response to treatment. In the absence of an established etiology, psychiatry has struggled to validate these descriptive syndromes, and to define the boundaries between disorders and between normal and pathologic variation. Recent advances in genomic research, coupled with large-scale collaborative efforts like the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, have identified hundreds of common and rare genetic variations that contribute to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. At the same time, they have begun to address deeper questions about the structure and classification of mental disorders: To what extent do genetic findings support or challenge our clinical nosology? Are there genetic boundaries between psychiatric and neurologic illness? Do the data support a boundary between disorder and normal variation? Is it possible to envision a nosology based on genetically informed disease mechanisms? This review provides an overview of conceptual issues and genetic findings that bear on the relationships among and boundaries between psychiatric disorders and other conditions. We highlight implications for the evolving classification of psychopathology and the challenges for clinical translation.
Journal Article
Anxiety mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and internet addiction in adolescents, and family support moderated the relationship
Objective
This study aims to discuss anxiety in mediating role between bullying victimization and adolescent internet addiction, and the moderating role of family support between bullying victimization and adolescent anxiety.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 provinces of China by convenience sampling from February to March 2024. A total of 1395 participants (599 boys and 796 girls) with an average age of 15.86 ± 0.74 years were included in the final analysis. Subjective data on bullying victimization, internet addiction, anxiety, and family support were collected and analyzed. A moderated mediation model was constructed.
Results
After controlling for age and gender, bullying victimization was found to be a significant predictor of internet addiction (β = 0.130,
p
< 0.001). Anxiety has a complete mediating effect between bullying victimization and adolescent internet addiction. Specifically, bullying victimization significantly predicted adolescent anxiety (β = 0.264,
p
< 0.001). anxiety significantly predicted adolescent internet addiction (β = 0.417,
p
< 0.001). Family support alleviated the relationship between bullying victimization and anxiety (β= -0.032,
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Bullying victimization can predict internet addiction through anxiety in adolescents, and family support can alleviate the predictive relationship between bullying victimization and adolescent anxiety. It is suggested that guardians should provide adequate support to adolescent bullying victimization in order to reduce the negative impact of bullying victimization on adolescents and prevent the occurrence of internet addiction.
Journal Article
The contribution of common genetic risk variants for ADHD to a general factor of childhood psychopathology
Common genetic risk variants have been implicated in the etiology of clinical attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses and symptoms in the general population. However, given the extensive comorbidity across ADHD and other psychiatric conditions, the extent to which genetic variants associated with ADHD also influence broader psychopathology dimensions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and a broad range of childhood psychiatric symptoms, and to quantify the extent to which such associations can be attributed to a general factor of childhood psychopathology. We derived ADHD PRS for 13,457 children aged 9 or 12 from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, using results from an independent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of ADHD diagnosis and symptoms. We estimated associations between ADHD PRS, a general psychopathology factor, and several dimensions of neurodevelopmental, externalizing, and internalizing symptoms, using structural equation modeling. Higher ADHD PRS were statistically significantly associated with elevated neurodevelopmental, externalizing, and depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.26–1.69%), but not with anxiety. After accounting for a general psychopathology factor, on which all symptoms loaded positively (mean loading = 0.50, range = 0.09–0.91), an association with specific hyperactivity/impulsivity remained significant. ADHD PRS explained ~ 1% (p value < 0.0001) of the variance in the general psychopathology factor and ~ 0.50% (p value < 0.0001) in specific hyperactivity/impulsivity. Our results suggest that common genetic risk variants associated with ADHD, and captured by PRS, also influence a general genetic liability towards broad childhood psychopathology in the general population, in addition to a specific association with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
Journal Article
Investigating parental factors that lead to adolescent Internet Gaming Addiction (IGA)
Internet gaming addiction (IGA) has become a common phenomenon that affects adolescents, due to its possible negative effects on physical and mental health issues. However, very few studies have particularly examined the relationship between adolescent game addiction and parental influences. In this study, we address some undesirable parental behaviors and aim to explore whether they influence adolescents’ internet gaming behaviors. A total of 315 adolescents who have exposed to Internet games participated in this study. We examined the relationship between four parental factors and the development process examined by the structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques: adolescent Internet gaming addiction (IGA), parental interpersonal conflict (PIC), parental loneliness (PL), parental phubbing (PP), and parental rejection (PR). We proposed nine hypotheses, five of which were supported by the data. The results suggested that parental loneliness leads to parental phubbing and rejection behaviors, as well as enhancing Internet gaming addiction among adolescents. Additionally, parental interpersonal conflict can cause parental loneliness. However, the study found that parental loneliness, parental rejection, and parental interpersonal conflict do not statistically significant impact on adolescents’ internet gaming behaviors.
Journal Article
DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Little is known about the prevalence or correlates of DSM-IV pathological gambling (PG).
Data from the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative US household survey, were used to assess lifetime gambling symptoms and PG along with other DSM-IV disorders. Age of onset (AOO) of each lifetime disorder was assessed retrospectively. AOO reports were used to study associations between temporally primary disorders and the subsequent risk of secondary disorders.
Most respondents (78.4%) reported lifetime gambling. Lifetime problem gambling (at least one Criterion A symptom of PG) (2.3%) and PG (0.6%) were much less common. PG was significantly associated with being young, male, and Non-Hispanic Black. People with PG reported first gambling significantly earlier than non-problem gamblers (mean age 16.7 v. 23.9 years, z=12.7, p<0.001), with gambling problems typically beginning during the mid-20s and persisting for an average of 9.4 years. During this time the largest annual gambling losses averaged US$4800. Onset and persistence of PG were predicted by a variety of prior DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control and substance use disorders. PG also predicted the subsequent onset of generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance dependence. Although none of the NCS-R respondents with PG ever received treatment for gambling problems, 49.0% were treated at some time for other mental disorders.
DSM-IV PG is a comparatively rare, seriously impairing, and undertreated disorder whose symptoms typically start during early adulthood and is frequently secondary to other mental or substance disorders that are associated with both PG onset and persistence.
Journal Article