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Though the link between objective social class and interpersonal distrust has been well documented, the link between subjective social class and distrust has been less investigated. Besides, very little research has investigated the potential mechanism underlying this association. Based on relative deprivation theory and just world theory, the present study examined the relation between subjective social class and distrust as well as the mediating roles of individual/global relative deprivation and belief in a just world among college students in Chinese culture. A sample of 796 Chinese college students finished the measures of subjective social class, individual/group relative deprivation, belief in a just world, and interpersonal distrust. The result indicated that lower subjective social class was predictive of higher level of distrust. Path analyses indicated that individual relative deprivation mediated the association between subjective social class and distrust. Besides, belief in a just world and individual relative deprivation acted as sequential mediators between subjective social class and distrust. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis did not support the moderating role of belief in a just world in the relationship model of subjective social class, individual/group relative deprivation, and interpersonal distrust. These findings highlight that to alleviate interpersonal distrust among students in the lower subjective social class, we should pay attention to students’ perceptions of justice and individual relative deprivation and how that could be shaping their interpersonal trust.

We assessed the reliability and validity of the Personal Relative Deprivation Scale (PRDS) when translated and tested with a sample of Chinese college students. The discriminability of all items in the PRDS-Chinese was high. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-dimensional structure of the scale. The internal consistency coefficient, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability results demonstrated excellent reliability for the PRDS-Chinese. Furthermore, weexaminedthe correlationsbetweenPRDS scores and general relative deprivation, economic relative deprivation, anxiety, pressure, depression, and aggressiveness. The findings revealed moderate-to-high correlations, suggesting good construct validity. On the basis of these findings, the PRDS-Chinese can be used as an effective assessment tool for measuring relative deprivation among the Chinese population.

Employees frequently engage in job crafting to better match their jobs with their personal abilities and skills. Compared with its benefits, the potential detrimental consequences of job crafting have received less attention from researchers. Drawing on relative deprivation theory, we examined employees’ potential negative reactions to coworkers’ job crafting. We proposed that coworkers’ job crafting is positively related to employees’ feelings of relative deprivation, thus reducing prosocial behaviors and giving rise to social undermining. We further argued that employees’ zero-sum mindset moderates the relationship between coworkers’ job crafting and employees’ feelings of relative deprivation, such that the relationship is more positive when the zero-sum mindset is high rather than low. Our hypotheses were generally supported by time-lagged data collected from a sample of 313 employees and their leaders from 85 teams. Our findings advance the understanding of the unintended consequences of job crafting in organizations.

Although jihadist threats are regarded as foreign, most Islamist terror attacks in Europe and the United States have been orchestrated by Muslims born and raised in Western societies. In the present research, we explored a link between perceived deprivation of Western Muslims and endorsement of extremism. We suggest that Western-born Muslims are particularly vulnerable to the impact of perceived relative deprivation because comparisons with majority groups’ peers are more salient for them than for individuals born elsewhere. Thus, we hypothesized that Western-born, compared with foreign-born, Muslims would score higher on four predictors of extremism (e.g., violent intentions), and group-based deprivation would explain these differences. Studies 1 to 6 (Ns = 59, 232, 259, 243, 104, and 366, respectively) confirmed that Western-born Muslims scored higher on all examined predictors of extremism. Mediation and meta-analysis showed that group-based relative deprivation accounted for these differences. Study 7 (N = 60) showed that these findings are not generalizable to non-Muslims.

Ostracism is a risk factor for cyber aggression, but the potential mechanism of the relationship between ostracism and cyber aggression remains unclear. On the basis of the general aggression model, we proposed that ostracism may predict cyber aggression through both cognitive routes (e.g., hostile automatic thoughts) and emotional routes (e.g., personal relative deprivation). In order to explore the issue, 809 college students from three universities in China were surveyed three times. The relationship between the variables was tested by constructing full auto-regressive cross-lagged models, and the mediation effects were tested by multiple mediation models. Personal relative deprivation and hostile automatic thoughts can predict each other at three time points. Moreover, personal relative deprivation at time 2 and hostile automatic thoughts at time 2 mediated the longitudinal association between ostracism at time 1 and cyber aggression at time 3, respectively. Furthermore, we found ostracism (T1) predicted cyber aggression (T3) not only through the path from personal relative deprivation (T2) to hostile automatic thoughts (T2) but also through the path from hostile automatic thoughts (T2) to personal relative deprivation (T2). The findings supported the general aggression model and provided a valuable reference for targeted interventions to reduce cyber aggression.

This article explores contemporary prejudice against displaced villagers in urban China, drawing on a project on urban sprawl in Yinchuan where rural villages are absorbed into the urban area. The research demonstrates that media discourses about chaiqian baofahu and suzhi that stigmatise displaced villagers are being actively reproduced in everyday life in newly built urban neighbourhoods. Urbanites’ prejudice against displaced villagers can be viewed as, on the one hand, a result of the feelings of relative deprivation from unfavourable comparisons with displaced villagers, while on the other hand, a response to maintain a positive ingroup identity – in this case, an urban and ‘civilised’ way of life. The article then examines the effectiveness of contact as a means for reducing prejudice, and reveals that intergroup contact in urban neighbourhoods does not necessarily create mutual understanding and trust. The article highlights the structural causes of prejudice and concludes by arguing for social transformation to challenge and reduce prejudice. 本文以银川的一个将农村吸纳进入城市的城市扩张项目为例，探讨了当代中国城市中对失地村民的偏见。研究表明，媒体使用的诸如“拆迁暴发户”“低素质”之类的话语对失地村民进行了污名化，而这种话语正在新建成的城市社区的日常生活中被人们大量地使用。城市居民对失地村民的偏见，一方面可以被视为是当他们发现自己不如失地村民富裕后产生的相对贫困感的结果，另一方面，也是一种试图保持“正面内向认同”（在这个案例中，是一种城市和“文明”的生活方式）的反应。文章接着考察了接触作为减少偏见的一种手段的有效性，并揭示了城市社区群体间的接触不一定能创造相互理解和信任。文章强调了偏见的结构性原因，并在结论中主张通过社会转型来挑战和减少偏见。

Aggressive collective action online has many negative impacts on the online environment and can even lead to political violence or social panic in the offline world. Although the effect of relative deprivation on aggression toward the compared object is well known, the influence of relative deprivation on aggressive collective action online toward deprivation-related provocateurs within the group has been ignored. Thus, this study attempted to explore the effect, as well as the mediating mechanism underlying it. We found that group relative deprivation manipulated by an employment problem scenario (with the triggering event as a covariable) can enhance aggressive collective action online toward deprivation-related provocateurs within the group, with hostile feelings mediating the effect. These results support and develop the relative deprivation theory, frustration–aggression theory, stress and coping theory, and deepen the understanding of the relationship between relative deprivation and aggression. The findings also suggest that colleges should focus more on graduate employment problems and decreasing the relative deprivation experienced by undergraduate students in efforts to prevent aggressive collective action online.

The sense of relative deprivation, reflecting individuals' self-perceived poor social comparison, is widespread among current college students. However, it remains unclear the impact and potential mediators of this adverse perception on the mental health of this group, and whether this association differs between males and females. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the sense of relative deprivation on depression in this group and their potential mediators and to explore the differences in these effects in males and females. This study, which was planned as relational and cross-sectional, by questionnaire method, consisted of 2576 college students. Single- and multi-cluster structural equation models were constructed in the sample. Results showed that the sense of relative deprivation in college students was associated with depression. Smartphone addiction and sleep together played a pathway role, mediating 31.793% of the association. Additionally, male college students showed a stronger sense of relative deprivation compared to females, and the effect of this adverse perception on smartphone addiction and depression was also found to be greater in this group. Our results highlight the detrimental effects of subjective relative deprivation on college students' mental health, suggesting that males may be more likely to develop smartphone addiction and decreased sleep quality after experiencing a sense of relative deprivation, which may further lead to increased depressive symptoms.

Background Little research describes the mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms and personal relative deprivation in Chinese populations. Methods In this study, the respondents were ( N  = 914) residents of Beijing (17–59 years old) and robust multiple linear regressions were used to assess the main relationship between relative deprivation and depressive symptoms and social support as a potential moderator for that relationship. Results Individuals who reported higher personal relative deprivation had greater depressive symptoms than those who reported lower personal relative deprivation. Perceived social support buffered the relationship between depressive symptoms and personal relative deprivation. Conclusions The findings of this current study demonstrate the importance of relative deprivation for psychological strain and income in explaining how socioeconomic indices correlate with depressive symptoms. They also demonstrate the need to acknowledge the interaction of perceived social support and personal relative deprivation for influencing depression.

Problematic mobile phone use is a common phenomenon for adolescents and college students, which seriously harms students` physical and mental health. Why were students caught in problematic mobile phone use? Some subtle psychology process which involves personal relative deprivation, stress, and fear of missing out, may be crucial. To reveal the psychological process, this study used a cross-sectional survey design to explore the associations among variables mentioned above and problematic mobile phone use of adolescents and college students in China. We recruited 863 participants ( M age = 18.70, SD  = 2.15) which contain 330 middle school students ( M age = 16.33, SD  = 1.36) and 533 college students ( M age = 20.06, SD = 1.06) in the study. The results shown that: (1) personal relative deprivation can predict problematic mobile phone use; (2) stress and fear of missing out serve as parallel mediating roles between personal relative deprivation and problematic mobile phone use. These findings demonstrate the psychological process through which personal relative deprivation contributes to problematic mobile phone use, suggesting that managing stress and alleviating fear of missing out may be beneficial countermeasures to prevent and/or intervene in problematic mobile phone use of adolescents and college students.