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"Rivers Juvenile literature."
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Rivers : a visual history from river to sea
This breathtaking journey along the most important rivers in the world takes us from the Nile to the Amazon, the Mekong Delta to the Mississippi, the Murray to the Waikato. Our seas and rivers tell a compelling story about our planet.
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Rivers
Describes the geography of rivers, the impact humans have on them, and conservation of these areas. Also describes plant and animal life in and around around rivers.
Book
A review of iteroparity in anadromous salmonids: biology, threats and implications
Iteroparity occurs when organisms reproduce more than once, and is seen as a bet-hedging reproductive strategy. Despite a wealth of research on iteroparous Atlantic salmon, steelhead, brown trout, and Arctic charr, the determinants of reproductive investment, the intra- and interspecific differences in the degree of iteroparity, the drivers of repeat spawning, and the contribution of repeat spawners to populations and sustainability remain unclear. In particular, the knowledge base is stronger for Atlantic salmon and brown trout, but relatively weak for Arctic charr and steelhead. While juveniles, maiden spawners and repeat spawners are facing similar challenges, many threats specific to the kelt stage are emerging (e.g., downstream migration passed barriers after spawning). Recent work has quantified the benefits of iteroparity for population resilience, and the potential for iteroparity to increase when anthropogenic stressors are mitigated. This is the first literature review paper synthetizing the growing knowledge base that exists on various aspects of the ecology and biology of repeat spawners in freshwater and at sea, the threats they face, the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying iteroparity in salmonids, the importance of iteroparity for population-level processes, as well as highlighting pressing areas of research. Collectively, this work offers a valuable resource to fisheries scientists and managers by shedding light on an important life-history stage that warrants more attention to mitigate these threats and restore healthy wild salmonid populations.
Journal Article
Navaga Eleginus nawaga of the White Sea: a brief review with emphasis on the Soviet-Russian literature
Navaga, Eleginus nawaga, are an important component of some Arctic shelf seas, primarily in the Russian Arctic, yet very few publications on Navaga are available in the western scientific literature. Based on literary sources, a description of the distribution and biology of Navaga, Eleginus nawaga, in the White Sea, as well as a history of their fishery, are provided. Long-term changes in biological parameters of several Navaga populations, as well as the current state of the Navaga stocks are summarized. In recent decades, the size and age structure of Navaga populations have undergone significant changes. In Onega and Dvina bays there was a significant rejuvenation of stocks; in contrast, an aging population was observed in Mezen Bay and the Voronka, which was due to climatic changes in all areas of the White Sea. Catches of Navaga have remained at a stable level for more than 100 years, which indicates a stable state of the stocks of this species. Future studies of Navaga in the White Sea should focus on such important aspects as migration, spatial and vertical distribution of juveniles and adults, population structure, biomass and population dynamics, fishing and natural mortality, as well as habitat conditions.
Journal Article
River and coast geo facts
\"Learn about rivers and coasts and how water shapes the landscapes in different ways. Follow rivers from their source to the sea, and explore coasts around the world. Find out how water affects our lives, from use in industry and recreation to the risks of flooding\"--Back cover.
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Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration
This study adapts and applies the evidence‐based approach for causal inference, a medical standard, to the restoration and sustainable management of large‐scale aquatic ecosystems. Despite long‐term investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, it has proven difficult to adequately synthesize and evaluate program outcomes, and no standard method has been adopted. Complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses at a landscape scale make evaluations problematic and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis. Herein, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence‐based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses about the effects of landscape‐scale restorative actions are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review, a health sciences standard since the 1960s, becomes just one of seven lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies, causal criteria, and cumulative effects categories. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit culturally and economically important, threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of the lines of evidence demonstrated that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and juvenile fish access and feeding. Upon evaluation, the evidence was sufficient to infer cross‐boundary, indirect, compounding, and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape‐scale, and spatial density effects. Therefore, on the basis of causal inferences regarding food‐web functions, we concluded that the restoration program is having a cumulative beneficial effect on juvenile salmon. The lines of evidence developed are transferable to other ecosystems: modeling of cumulative net ecosystem improvement, physical modeling of ecosystem controlling factors, meta‐analysis of restoration action effectiveness, analysis of data on target species, research on critical ecological uncertainties, evidence‐based review of the literature, and change analysis on the landscape setting. As with medicine, the science of ecological restoration needs scientific approaches to management decisions, particularly because the consequences affect species extinctions and the availability of ecosystem services. This evidence‐based approach will enable restoration in complex coastal, riverine, and tidal‐fluvial ecosystems like the lower Columbia River to be evaluated when data have accumulated without sufficient synthesis.
Journal Article
Long‐term translocation explains population genetic structure of a recreationally fished iconic species in Japan: Combining current knowledge with reanalysis
Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) is an important freshwater fisheries resource and popular recreational fishing species in Japan that lives for only 1 year, with a single breeding season. To supplement increased recreational fishing demand for this species, more than 13 million wild‐born landlocked juveniles are translocated every year from Lake Biwa into Japanese rivers, and more than 52 million hatchery‐reared juveniles born from captive‐reared parents have been extensively released. The translocation of landlocked juveniles and hatchery release has continued for more than 100 and 30 generations, respectively. Previous studies have reported that landlocked and amphidromous forms of Ayu easily hybridise, leading to concerns that the fitness of hybrid progeny would be reduced in the wild. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive success of landlocked Ayu in translocated rivers, and to date no studies have evaluated the effects of translocation on population structure. Demonstrating that hybridisation occurs between the two forms is central to future management and conservation of this species. To address this, a literature search to summarise biological knowledge of Ayu and population genetic data screening was undertaken, and published genetic data sets covering a distribution range in Japan were reanalysed. Analyses provide strong evidence for very high gene flow between sampling locations. Genetic diversity is homogeneous in amphidromous samples. Bayesian admixture analysis infers widespread hybridisation in Japanese rivers (24 ± 8%). Maximum likelihood admixture graphs detect two migration events from Lake Biwa to rivers in the northern Sea of Japan and Hokkaido. Analyses consistently indicate that hybridisation between translocated landlocked juveniles and native amphidromous Ayu occurs throughout Japanese rivers. These results are discussed in relation to the management of this species.
Huge numbers of wild‐born landlocked juveniles of a recreationally fished iconic species have been translocated from Lake Biwa into most Japanese amphidromous populations for more than 100 generations. Bayesian admixture analysis infers widespread introgression in Japanese rivers, with a mean introgression proportion of 24%, and TreemMix analysis detects two migration events from Lake Biwa to anadromous populations. Analyses of genetic population structure consistently indicate that hybridisation between translocated landlocked juveniles and native amphidromous Ayu occurs throughout Japanese rivers.
Journal Article