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Making the Desert Modern
In 1933 American oilmen representing what later became the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) signed a concession agreement with the Saudi Arabian king granting the company sole proprietorship over the oil reserves in the country's largest province. As drilling commenced and wells proliferated, Aramco soon became a major presence in the region. In this book Chad H. Parker tells Aramco's story, showing how an American company seeking resources and profits not only contributed to Saudi \"nation building\" but helped define U.S. foreign policy during the early Cold War.
In the years following World War II, as Aramco expanded its role in Saudi Arabia, the idea of \"modernization\" emerged as a central component of American foreign policy toward newly independent states. Although the company engaged in practices supportive of U.S. goals, its own modernizing efforts tended to be pragmatic rather than policy-driven, more consistent with furthering its business interests than with validating abstract theories. Aramco built the infrastructure necessary to extract oil and also carved an American suburb out of the Arabian desert, with all the air-conditioned comforts of Western modern life. At the same time, executives cultivated powerful relationships with Saudi government officials and, to the annoyance of U.S. officials, even served the monarchy in diplomatic disputes. Before long the company became the principal American diplomatic, political, and cultural agent in the country, a role it would continue to play until 1973, when the Saudi government took over its operation.
eBook
Economic Development in Saudi Arabia
The changing political situation in the Middle East poses challenges for the economies of the region, and some see none more vulnerable to collapse than Saudi Arabia's. Yet as this study demonstrates, the fundamentals of the Kingdom's economy are relatively robust, as over three quarters of GDP is accounted for by the non-oil sector, and impressive modern industries have been established, notably in petrochemicals. The financial system functions well, and despite substantial government debts, there is low inflation and currency stability. The private sector increasingly drives the economy, although job creation has been insufficient to prevent rising youth unemployment. The development challenges Saudi Arabia faces are similar to those of other middle-income countries, and three decades of diversification have made the economy less unique than it was in the oil boom years of the 1970s.
Rodney Wilson is Professor of Economics at the Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham. His main research interests are the trade and finance of the Middle East. His previous books for Routledge include Economic Development in the Middle East .
1. Introduction 2. Which development paradigm? 3. Government Economic Policy 4. Oil, gas and petrochemicals 5. Banking sector and financial markets 6. International trade and GCC economic relations 7. Employment issues 8. Employment conditions in SABIC 9. The role of the private sector 10. The electricity industry
eBook
The Transformation of the Gulf
This book examines the political, economic and social transformation of the six member-states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the ways in which these states are both shaping, and being reshaped by, the processes of globalisation. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, the volume combines thematic chapters focusing on issues such as globalisation, nationalism and identity, political thinking, and economic diversification and redistributive policymaking with empirical chapters studying specific aspects of reform and change:
the emergence of governing markets
the rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds
Islamic Finance
the relationship between energy and sustainability
trends in foreign aid donorship, strategic and foreign policy formulation.
Contributions from experts in the field provide cutting-edge snapshots of a region in flux and collectively offer a roadmap of its repositioning in the global order, examining the interaction between global processes and internal dynamics of change and resistance that inject new dimensions into debates over the loci of local and global transformations and the manner in which each plays off the other.
Situating the Gulf States firmly within their global twenty-first century context, this book will hold particular appeal to theorists of globalisation as well as to scholars of comparative politics, international political economy and area studies.
eBook
The economy of Saudi Arabia in the 21st century : prospects and realities
Discusses Saudi Arabia's efforts to overhaul its economy and the numerous prospects and challenges it faces in doing so. As one of the world's leading oil producers, the outcomes of the most ambitious wave of reforms Saudi Arabia has ever undertaken will also provide valuable lessons for other oil-dependent and resource-based economies.
Book
التنمية الاقتصادية في المملكة العربية السعودية
عندما اكتشف البترول في المملكة العربية السعودية عام 1938م، لم يكن قد مضى على توحيد البلاد وجمع أجزائها في كيان سياسي واحد إلا سنوات قليلة. تغطي الصحراء معظم أراضيها وتقلّ فيها الأمطار. تنعدم بين أجزائها المتباعدة المواصلات وتفتقر إلى المدارس والمستشفيات. أوضاعها الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية تجعلها في أمسّ الحاجة إلى التنمية. عندما جاء البترول بإنتاج متواضع بعد الحرب الكونية الثانية، ثم بدأ يرتفع شيئا فشيئاً ويرتفع معه الدخل الحكومي، بدأت مسيرة التنمية الاقتصادية وأخذت منهجاً تخطيطياً مع بداية الخطّة الخمسية الأولى عام 1970م. تابع المؤلف مسيرة التنمية الاقتصادية في المملكة العربية السعودية منذ بدايتها كمتخصّص في علم الاقتصاد ومسؤول في وزارة المالية. وبعد استقالته من العمل الحكومي عام 1979م، أنشأ مركزاً للبحوث والدراسات الاقتصادية ونشر العديد من الدراسات والمقالات في الصحف والدوريات المحلّية والعربية والأجنبية. جمع المؤلف في هذا الكتاب رؤيته للمشهد الاقتصادي في المملكة العربية السعودية، وسجلاً للتاريخ الاقتصادي للمملكة، راصداً جذور القضايا الاقتصادية التي تواجهها اليوم ومسهماً في البحث عن رؤية جديدة وحلول لهذه القضايا.
eBook
STTS
Globalisation is quickly making the world smaller, but the work challenges larger. Colleagues and clients are diverse and work from different locations. So how do we stay connected, efficient and productive? What do we do to overcome technological, cultural and time challenges? With practical skills and effective techniques, Working in a Virtual World will help you to improve your business relationships, whether people are located on the next floor, in the next building or an entirely different country. This book gives you insights and hands-on techniques to make working in the virtual world w
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