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"Sozialer Wandel"
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No turning back : the peacetime revolutions of post-war Britain
\"Since the Second World War, Britain has been transformed by a series of peaceful revolutions---the rise of multiculturalism, the permissive society, and the service-based consumer economy, among many others. These, Paul Addison argues, have been more powerful agents of change than the Battle of the Somme or the Blitz ever were.\" \"No Turning Back looks at the changing face of Britain in this period of rapid transformation, highlighting just how much has been gained---but not forgetting that much, too, has been lost.\" \"Historian Paul Addison was born in the 1940s. In No Turning Back, he surveys the vast changes in the character of British society that he has observed in the period since. A series of peaceful revolutions has transformed the country; the comparative peace and growing prosperity of the second half of the twentieth century, he contends, have been more powerful agents of change than the Battle of the Somme or the Blitz.\" \"The Second World War led to the welfare state but in some ways reinforced a conservative way of life. The changes unleashed by the Sixties and Seventies were more radical. Much of the sexual morality preached, if not practised, for centuries has been dismantled with the creation of a لpermissive society'. The employment and career chances of women have radically improved. A white nation has been transformed into a multiracial one. An economy founded upon manufacturing under the watchful eye of the لgentlemen in Whitehall' has morphed into a free market system, heavily dependent on finance, services, and housing; a predominantly working class society has evolved into a predominantly middle class one. And the United Kingdom, which once looked as solid as the rock of Gibraltar, now looks increasingly fragile, as Wales and especially Scotland have started to go their separate ways.\".
Book
Knowing China : a twenty-first-century guide
\"Contemporary China appears both deceptively familiar and inexplicably different. China is a cauldron of forms of entrepreneurship, social organization, ways of life and governance that are at once new and unique, recognizably Chinese and generically modern. In analyzing and interpreting these developments, Frank N. Pieke adopts a China-centric perspective to move beyond western preoccupations, desires, or fears. Each chapter starts with a key question about China, showing that such questions and assumptions are often based on a misunderstanding or misconstruction of what China is today. Pieke explores twenty-first-century China as a unique kind of neo-socialist society, combining features of state socialism, neoliberal governance, capitalism and rapid globalization. Understanding this society not only helps us to know China better, but takes us beyond the old dichotomies of West versus East, developed versus developing, tradition versus modernity, democracy versus dictatorship, and capitalism versus socialism\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Understanding Cultural Persistence and Change
We examine a determinant of cultural persistence that has emerged from a class of models in evolutionary anthropology: the similarity of the environment across generations. Within these models, when the environment is more stable across generations, the traits that have evolved up to the previous generation are more likely to be suitable for the current generation. In equilibrium, a greater value is placed on tradition and there is greater cultural persistence. We test this hypothesis by measuring the variability of climatic measures across 20-year generations from 500 to 1900. Employing a variety of tests that use different samples and empirical strategies, we find that populations with ancestors who lived in environments with more cross-generational instability place less importance on maintaining tradition today and exhibit less cultural persistence.
Journal Article
The evolution and social impact of video game economics
This book examines how the video game industry's economic strategies have changed over the past decade (2006-2016) from a media effects and game design perspective. It also features discussions and analyses on the social impact of these changes and how consumers have reacted to evolving marketing and design strategies.
Book
\How Do I Carry All This Now?\ Understanding Consumer Resistance to Sustainability Interventions
Given the increasingly grave environmental crisis, governments and organizations frequently initiate sustainability interventions to encourage sustainable behavior in individual consumers. However, prevalent behavioral approaches to sustainability interventions often have the unintended consequence of generating consumer resistance, undermining their effectiveness. With a practice–theoretical perspective, the authors investigate what generates consumer resistance and how it can be reduced, using consumer responses to a nationwide ban on plastic bags in Chile in 2019. The findings show that consumer resistance to sustainability interventions emerges not primarily because consumers are unwilling to change their individual behavior—as the existing literature commonly assumes—but because the individual behaviors being targeted are embedded in dynamic social practices. When sustainability interventions aim to change individual behaviors rather than social practices, they place excessive responsibility on consumers, unsettle their practice-related emotionality, and destabilize the multiple practices that interconnect to shape consumers' lives, ultimately leading to resistance. The authors propose a theory of consumer resistance in social practice change that explains consumer resistance to sustainability interventions and ways of reducing it. They also offer recommendations for policy makers and social marketers in designing and managing sustainability initiatives that trigger less consumer resistance and thereby foster sustainable consumer behavior.
Journal Article
Grand Societal Challenges and Responsible Innovation
Grand societal challenges (GSCs) represent complex, multi-level, multi-dimensional problems that require concerted efforts by various actors-public, private, and non-profit-to be successfully addressed. Businesses-alone or in conjunction with governmental and nonprofit organizations-are relevant actors in this regard, as they represent a source of innovation. Responsible innovation (RI) is a framework that allows for the governance and evaluation of innovations with regard to their potential harmful consequences and positive contributions to societal challenges. Moreover, it stipulates that this evaluation process should be facilitated by appropriate governance structures at various levels. The aim of this article is to expand theorizing on GSCs and RI and to encourage research that explores their links. We outline pertinent characteristics of GSCs that make current conceptualizations of corporate social responsibility and social innovation limited in addressing GSCs. We explicate the reflexive and participative capacities of RI governance as a complementary and promising way forward. Finally, we introduce the contributions to this Special Issue as illustrations of relevant theoretical and empirical groundwork around GSCs and RI, and outline the agenda for future research.
Paper
The Activist Company
Companies are more frequently taking public stands on often controversial social, political, economic, and environmental issues. Despite the importance of the topic, research on understanding the role of companies in societal change through activism is scarce. Using institutional theory, this article defines corporate activism as a company’s willingness to take a stand on social, political, economic, and environmental issues to create societal change by influencing the attitudes and behaviors of actors in its institutional environment. This framework conceptualizes corporate activism as a response to barriers that hinder the solution of an issue. These barriers stem from institutional actors’ attitudes and behaviors toward the issue, and corporate activism can address these barriers through influence and change strategies that can target the institutional environment “top-down” or “bottom-up.” This framework further investigates how the identity orientation of the company facilitates corporate activism. This research has important implications for managers, policy makers, and any other agents that aim to facilitate social change.
Journal Article