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The problem of settlements that occur in big cities is a problem that makes local governments confuse, not least in Medan. In the program from the Ministry of Pekerjaan Umum dan Permukiman Rakyat (PUPR) that Medan is one of thirty cities with the most slum areas. This research problem are the fact of slums, factors that influence the growth of settlements, the regulation of coastal settlement development, the implementation of settlement development regulations and appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan district. This research aims to map the slums, analyze the factors that affect the growth of settlements, examine regulation of settlement development, analyze application of regulations on coastal settlement and make appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan District. Researchers distributed questionnaires and field observations to collect data. The findings of this research were to find out the factor of slums and to appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan District. This research can help local governments to pay attention and to reorganize the developments located in Medan Belawan District. This research is expected to provide benefits to all local governments to pay attention and resolve the causes of slums in their area.

The strategy of urban bridgescape space construction, starting from two levels, the first layer is to divide urban bridgelscape space construction into three strategies: aesthetic strategy, environmental strategy and economic strategy; the second layer is to sum up and extract six strategies from aesthetic, environmental and economic strategies that have universal guiding significance for urban bridgescape space construction.

This article has been devoted to the analysis of the description of architecture in the works of utopian philosophers, and the identification of the main means by which they tried to ensure the environmental friendliness of their society and connection with nature. Utopian ideas and concepts arise as a result of dissatisfaction with the standard of living and contribute to the active development of society. The models of states described in utopian works serve as a source of ideas for possible scenarios for improving current systems. Ecotopies are a specific type of utopias which describe states with a clear and exclusively ecologically-oriented social order. This article presents an analysis of architectural and engineering means of communication with nature in the works by Plato, T. More, T. Campanella, Cyrano de Bergerac, D. Vairasse and V. Odoyevsky. The work of E. Callenbach, as the first example of ecotopia, is analyzed in detail, and the peculiarities of the architecture and urban structure of the cities of Ecotopia are highlighted.

Honorable mention, 2007 Lewis Mumford Prize, American Society of City and Regional Planning The nineteenth century was the golden age of the horse. In urban America, the indispensable horse provided the power for not only vehicles that moved freight, transported passengers, and fought fires but also equipment in breweries, mills, foundries, and machine shops. Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, prominent scholars of American urban life, here explore the critical role that the horse played in the growing nineteenth-century metropolis. Using such diverse sources as veterinary manuals, stable periodicals, teamster magazines, city newspapers, and agricultural yearbooks, they examine how the horses were housed and fed and how workers bred, trained, marketed, and employed their four-legged assets. Not omitting the problems of waste removal and corpse disposal, they touch on the municipal challenges of maintaining a safe and productive living environment for both horses and people and the rise of organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In addition to providing an insightful account of life and work in nineteenth-century urban America, The Horse in the City brings us to a richer understanding of how the animal fared in this unnatural and presumably uncomfortable setting.

The concept of \"comfortable urban environment\" is considered in the article, and its components are selected taking into account the principles of harmonious human development in symbiosis with the natural environment, based on the obtained results, a conceptual model of urban environment comfort is constructed and its formal description is given.

This theoretical paper takes an aesthetic view of leadership to investigate the leadership needed to make cities more resilient. It sees an urban system as a complex, evolving entity constantly crossed by a variety of inflows and outflows connecting it to other systems, while its constituent elements are in interaction between themselves. Three fundamental dispositions in the aesthetic literature, sensibility, reflexivity and wisdom, seem crucial to ensure that leaders anticipate and cope with a variety of shocks, taking advantage of the opportunities to transform and learn. These dispositions are found fundamental to urban resilience. The paper also discusses the implications for preparation and learning.

Spatial accessibility is one of the methods to study the rationality of park design. This paper is taking Hongkou District Park in Shanghai as an example, by using the ARCGis application as analysis tool to analyze that the relation between the location of Park entrance and location of the community, and to calculate the different time cost of people who is under the walking and cycling mode to put forward the distribution of park entrance location which is based on the accessibility of riding and walking.

Cities are particularly vulnerable to climate risks due to their agglomeration of people, buildings and infrastructure. Differences in methodology, hazards considered, and climate models used limit the utility and comparability of climate studies on individual cities. Here we assess, for the first time, future changes in flood, heat-waves (HW), and drought impacts for all 571 European cities in the Urban Audit database using a consistent approach. To capture the full range of uncertainties in natural variability and climate models, we use all climate model runs from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for the RCP8.5 emissions scenario to calculate Low, Medium and High Impact scenarios, which correspond to the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of each hazard for each city. We find that HW days increase across all cities, but especially in southern Europe, whilst the greatest HW temperature increases are expected in central European cities. For the low impact scenario, drought conditions intensify in southern European cities while river flooding worsens in northern European cities. However, the high impact scenario projects that most European cities will see increases in both drought and river flood risks. Over 100 cities are particularly vulnerable to two or more climate impacts. Moreover, the magnitude of impacts exceeds those previously reported highlighting the substantial challenge cities face to manage future climate risks.

Much of what we know about the marginal effect of pollution on infant mortality is derived from developed country data. However, given the lower levels of air pollution in developed countries, these estimates may not be externally valid to the developing country context if there is a non-linear dose relationship between pollution and mortality or if the costs of avoidance behaviour differ considerably between the two contexts. In this article, we estimate the relationship between pollution and infant mortality using data from Mexico. Our estimates for PM10 tend to be similar (or even smaller) than the US estimates, while our findings on CO tend to be larger than those derived from the US context.