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Diagnosing the legacy : the discovery, research, and treatment of type 2 diabetes in Indigenous youth
In the late 1980s, pediatric endocrinologists at the Children's Hospital in Winnipeg began to notice a new cohort appearing in their clinics for young people with diabetes. Through dozens of interviews, Krotz shows the impact of the disease on the lives of individuals and families, especially in communities far removed from the medical personnel and facilities available in the city.
Book
Overview of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems
Fuzzy set theory has been proposed as a means for modeling the vagueness in complex systems. Fuzzy systems usually employ type-1 fuzzy sets, representing uncertainty by numbers in the range [0, 1]. Despite commercial success of fuzzy logic, a type-1 fuzzy set (T1FS) does not capture uncertainty in its manifestations when it arises from vagueness in the shape of the membership function. Such uncertainties need to be depicted by fuzzy sets that have blur boundaries. The imprecise boundaries of a type-2 fuzzy set (T2FS) give rise to truth/membership values that are fuzzy sets in [0], [1], instead of a crisp number. Type-2 fuzzy logic systems (T2FLSs) offer opportunity to model levels of uncertainty which traditional fuzzy logic type1 struggles. This extra dimension gives more degrees of freedom for better representation of uncertainty compared to type-1 fuzzy sets. A type-1 fuzzy logic system (T1FLSs) inference produces a T1FS and the result of defuzzification of the T1FS, a crisp number, whereas a T2FLS inference produces a type-2 fuzzy set, its type-reduced fuzzy set which is a T1FS and the defuzzification of the type-1 fuzzy set. The type-reduced fuzzy set output gives decision-making flexibilities. Thus, FLSs using T2FS provide the capability of handling a higher level of uncertainty and provide a number of missing components that have held back successful deployment of fuzzy systems in decision making.
Journal Article
The type 2 diabetes diet book
Using this guide, you can design a low-carb, low-calorie diet that helps you shed weight while controlling your diabetes. --from publisher description.
Book
System of type-2 fuzzy differential equations and its applications
This paper develops the mathematical framework and the solution of a system of type-2 fuzzy ordinary differential equations (T2FDE). The theory of T2FDEs is developed with type-2 fuzzy initial values, type-2 fuzzy boundary values and type-2 fuzzy parameters. Some natural phenomena can be modelled as dynamical systems whose initial conditions and/or parameters may be imprecise in nature. The imprecision of initial values and/or parameters is generally modelled by fuzzy sets. Here, the concept of generalized H
2
-differentiability, based on the extension of the class of differentiable type-2 fuzzy mappings or Hukuhara derivatives, is applied. Numerical simulations of type-2 fuzzy differential equations have also been developed. Several illustrative examples have been provided for different T2FDE models related to environmental dynamics and problems in mathematical biology.
Journal Article
Review of Recent Type-2 Fuzzy Controller Applications
Type-2 fuzzy logic controllers (T2 FLC) can be viewed as an emerging class of intelligent controllers because of their abilities in handling uncertainties; in many cases, they have been shown to outperform their Type-1 counterparts. This paper presents a literature review on recent applications of T2 FLCs. To follow the developments in this field, we first review general T2 FLCs and the most well-known interval T2 FLS algorithms that have been used for control design. Certain applications of these controllers include robotic control, bandwidth control, industrial systems control, electrical control and aircraft control. The most promising applications are found in the robotics and automotive areas, where T2 FLCs have been demonstrated and proven to perform better than traditional controllers. With the development of enhanced algorithms, along with the advancement in both hardware and software, we shall witness increasing applications of these frontier controllers.
Journal Article
A NOVEL TRIANGULAR INTERVAL TYPE-2 INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS AND THEIR AGGREGATION OPERATORS
The objective of this work is to present a triangular interval type-2 (TIT2) intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their corresponding aggregation operators, namely, TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging, TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging and TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid averaging based on Frank norm operation laws. Furthermore, based on these operators, an approach to multi-criteria decision-making, in which assessments are in the form of TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy numbers has been developed. A practical example to illustrate the decision-making process has been presented and compared their results with the existing operator results.
Journal Article
An approach for parameterized shadowed type-2 fuzzy membership functions applied in control applications
At present time, general type-2 fuzzy logic provides better uncertainty modeling when compared to interval type-2 fuzzy logic, and this has been shown with the improvement in the performance of fuzzy logic controllers and fuzzy edge detectors. However, higher computational cost represents a limitation for many applications and implementation platforms, and it is because of this that the computational cost reduction is the main goal of this paper. The aim of this work is to model a GT2 FLS based on shadowed type-2 fuzzy sets (ST2 FS) and apply this approach to control problems. The ST2 FS consists of approximating the secondary membership function by shadowed sets and is because of this, that we present an analytic approach to obtain the shadowed set for triangular and Gaussian membership functions for any parameters. Based on this, we achieve a representation of the ST2 FS as a parameterized function, facilitating its implementation. The results are compared against the performance when a generalized type-2 fuzzy inference system is approximated using
α
-planes for control applications.
Journal Article
Developments of Semi-Type-2 Interval Approach with Mathematics and Order Relation: A New Uncertainty Tackling Technique
This paper aims to introduce a new interval approach called the Semi-Type-2 interval to represent imprecise parameters in uncertain decision-making. The proposed work establishes arithmetic operations of Semi-Type-2 intervals with algebraic properties. Additionally, a new interval ranking is proposed in order to compare Semi-Type-2 interval numbers, and the corresponding properties of total order relations are also derived. All the definitions and properties related to Semi-Type-2 intervals are illustrated with the help of numerical examples. Numerical illustrations confirm the consistency of the framework and its effectiveness in extending classical interval mathematics. Finally, some probable applications of the Semi-Type-2 interval approach are demonstrated for future implementation.
Journal Article
Multi-criteria decision making for green supplier selection using interval type-2 fuzzy AHP: a case study of a home appliance manufacturer
Many managers and firm owners nowadays pay special attention to green supplier selection to gain competitive advantage all over the world. Consequently, this subject a critical and significant decision for firms. This study utilizes an extension to analytical hierarchy process (AHP) under interval type-2 fuzzy environment (IT2FAHP) model to better cope with ambiguity and vagueness for solving supplier selection problem considering green concepts. A real case application is also performed in a home appliance manufacturer to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the IT2FAHP model in the present paper. The findings indicate that the most important factors that are effective in selecting green suppliers are cleaner production, energy/material saving, green package, remanufacturing, and environmental management system. Further, a comparison and a sensitivity analysis are conducted to display the consistency and stability of the proposed model. The findings reveal that the IT2FAHP model is quite consistent with the models in literature and green product, cleaner production, green design, and green package have a significant positive effect on performances of green suppliers.
Journal Article
Type-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma and Allergy
Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) belong to an expanding family of innate lymphocytes that provide a potent source of immune effector cytokines at the initiation of immune responses. ILC2 arise, under the control of the transcription factors RORα and GATA3, from lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow, to secrete type-2 cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13. Using experimental models, ILC2 have been implicated in allergic diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, but also in metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, recent reports have indicated that ILC2 not only play roles at the initiation of type-2 immunity but can also contribute to chronic pathology, such as fibrosis, and can impact on the priming of the adaptive T-cell response. The identification of ILC2 in patients with allergic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis indicates that these cells may represent new therapeutic targets.
Journal Article