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\"World events continue to reveal the importance of understanding how women live across continents and cultures. Using maps, text, and other graphics in this new revision of her eye-opening book, Joni Seager employs up-to-the-minute research and data to show what shifts have occurred since the first edition was published over twenty years ago--the strides made by women and the distance still to be traveled. She explores the current status of women in relation to such key issues as: equality, motherhood, feminism, the culture of beauty, women at work, women in the global economy, changing households, domestic violence, girls' welfare, lesbian rights, women in government. Filled with a wealth of information creatively displayed, The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World is an indispensable resource for understanding the world we live in\"--Page 4 of cover.

Marine mammals are a diverse group of aquatic animals that exhibit wide variation in body size, living conditions, breeding habitat, social behaviour and phylogeny. Although case studies about prenatal investment in cetaceans and pinnipeds have been investigated, comparative studies across different marine mammal taxonomic groups have not yet been conducted systematically. Here, six life history parameters from 75 marine mammal species were collected based on a meta-analysis of the existing literature, and prenatal investment patterns for different taxonomic groups were explored using an unsupervised artificial neural network of a self-organizing map (SOM). Most marine mammal species can be clearly divided into two clusters of small-bodied taxa (small-bodied toothed whales, pinnipeds) and large-bodied taxa (baleen whales, sperm whales and beaked whales, large-bodied toothed whales) based on their distribution within SOM feature maps. Gestation periods and breeding intervals are significantly shorter in pinnipeds than in small-bodied toothed dolphins despite being similar in body size, indicating their adaption to birthing and nursing on land or ice floes. Specific deep-dive feeding behaviour seems to have no impact on the prenatal investment of beaked whales and sperm whales, as these species exhibit a similar capital breeding strategy to baleen whales. Medium-bodied sirenians adopt an intermediate strategy between small-bodied and large-bodied toothed whales, suggesting their prenatal investment strategy is not affected by herbivorous habits. Overall, our results support the body-size hypothesis and breeding-substrate hypothesis and indicate that prenatal investment strategies of marine mammals are possibly not influenced by feeding habits or social behaviour. We suggest that effective conservation measures for small-bodied toothed whales and pinnipeds should prioritize the protection of habitats and minimize human disturbance, whereas conservation measures for large-bodied whales and beaked whales should focus on strategies to prevent substantial declines in population size.

\"In this completely revised, redesigned, and updated new edition of her groundbreaking feminist atlas, Joni Seager provides comprehensive and accessible analysis of the state of women worldwide--charting the progress that has been made and the distances still to be traveled. The Women's Atlas delves into issues of gender equality; literacy and information technology; feminism; the culture of beauty; women at work and the global economy; changing households; domestic violence; LGBTQ rights; government and power; and motherhood, among many others.\"-- Provided by publisher.

The research question guiding the production of the youth employment evidence and gap map (EGM) is stated as follows: What is the nature and extent of the evidence base of impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment programmes in the world? The primary objective of is to catalogue impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment interventions to enhance discoverability of evidence by decision makers, development patterners and researchers, so as to promote evidence‐based decision making in programming and delivery of youth employment initiatives. This evidence gap map is also a primary input into the implementation of Mastercard Foundation's strategy titled “Africa Works: Mastercard Foundation Strategy 2018–2030”, which points out sharing of evidence‐based knowledge and innovation with stakeholders as a key strategy to be used (Mastercard Foundation). The time frame for the development of the youth EGM will run from the last quarter of 2019 to December 2020. The five secondary objectives are: (i) To construct a framework for the classification of youth employment effectiveness studies. The objective will be achieved through the development of an intervention and outcome framework using an engaged consultative process involving the review team, Mastercard Foundation and other stakeholders. (ii) To identify available evidence, and clusters of evidence, including its quality rating. This will involve activities such as identification of studies using a standardised study search strategy, screening and coding of studies in EPPI Reviewer 4, which is a web‐based software program for production of reviews. (iii) To create a map of youth employment effectiveness studies equipped with an appealing user‐friendly web‐based search content visualisation using interactive mapping software. To achieve this object, data coded in EPPI Reviewer 4 will be exported to another software (EPPI mapper) which is designed for generating EGMs. (iv) To produce a narrative report of the youth employment EGM. This will be achieved through analysis of data in EPPI Reviewer 4 and report writing. To disseminate the EGM to users to increase awareness to support evidence‐informed decision‐making across countries. We will achieve this objective by organising dissemination workshops, participating in conferences and hosting the evidence and gap on our websites.

In August 2014, for the first time in the history of the Turkish Republic, the president was elected through a popular vote. The quest for a new constitution and revisions to the political system were the main topics that the three presidential candidates, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu and Selahattin Demirtas, raised during their presidential campaigns. Women's problems and issues were among the central topics through which the matters of the new constitution and the revisions to be made in the system were addressed. Through a qualitative content analysis of the campaign material, this article maps the candidates' approaches to women's interests and the roles the candidates promised to play to promote these interests and roles. The findings indicate that motherhood, daughterhood and sisterhood are the key terms through which the candidates formulated the ultimate purpose of their gender-related agenda. They simply blamed the existing constitution as the main cause of alienated motherhood, polarized daughterhood and complicit femininity respectively. Based on the analysis of these simultaneous calls for heightening-disavowal of certain femininities, the article argues that competing projects for the (re)establishment of the constitutional regime in Turkey can be construed as renegotiations of feminine attachments to political authority.

BackgroundGlobally, 13% of the youth are not in education, employment or training (NEET). Moreover, this persistent problem has been exacerbated by the shock of Covid-19 pandemic. More youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are likely unemployed than those from better off backgrounds. Thus, the need for increased use of evidence in the design and implementation of youth employment interventions to increase effectiveness and sustainability of interventions and outcomes. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) can promote evidence-based decision making by guiding policy makers, development partners and researchers to areas with good bodies of evidence and those with little or no evidence. The scope of the Youth Employment EGM is global. The map covers all youth aged 15–35 years. The three broad intervention categories included in the EGM are: strengthening training and education systems, enhancing labour market and, transforming financial sector markets. There are five outcome categories: education and skills; entrepreneurship; employment; welfare and economic outcomes. The EGM contains impact evaluations of interventions implemented to increase youth employment and systematic reviews of such single studies, published or made available between 2000 and 2019.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to catalogue impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment interventions to improve discoverability of evidence by decision makers, development patterners and researchers, so as to promote evidence-based decision making in programming and implementation of youth employment initiatives.Search MethodsTwenty databases and websites were searched using a validated search strategy. Additional searches included searching within 21 systematic reviews, snowballing 20 most recent studies and citation tracking of 10 most recent studies included in the EGM.Selection CriteriaThe study selection criteria followed the PICOS approach of population, intervention, relevant comparison groups, outcomes and study design. Additional criterion is; study publication or availability period of between 2000 and 2021. Only impact evaluations and systematic reviews that included impact evaluations were selected.Data Collection and AnalysisA total of 14,511 studies were uploaded in EPPI Reviewer 4 software, upon which 399 were selected using the criteria provided above. Coding of data took place in EPPI Reviewer basing on predefined codes. The unit of analysis for the report is individual studies where every entry represents a combination of interventions and outcomes.Main ResultsOverall, 399 studies (21 systematic reviews and 378 impact evaluations) are included in the EGM. Impact evaluations (n = 378) are much more than the systematic reviews (n = 21). Most impact evaluations are experimental studies (n = 177), followed by non-experimental matching (n = 167) and other regression designs (n = 35). Experimental studies were mostly conducted in both Lower-income countries and Lower Middle Income countries while non-experimental study designs are the most common in both High Income and Upper Middle Income countries. Most evidence is from low quality impact evaluations (71.2%) while majority of systematic reviews (71.4% of 21) are of medium and high quality rating. The area saturated with most evidence is the intervention category of ‘training’, while the underrepresented are three main intervention sub-categories: information services; decent work policies and; entrepreneurship promotion and financing. Older youth, youth in fragility, conflict and violence contexts, or humanitarian settings, or ethnic minorities or those with criminal backgrounds are least studied.ConclusionsThe Youth Employment EGM identifies trends in evidence notably the following:Most evidence is from high-income countries, an indication of the relationship between a country's income status and research productivity.The most common study designs are experimental.Most of the evidence is of low quality. This finding serves to alert researchers, practitioners and policy makers that more rigorous work is needed to inform youth employment interventions.Blending of interventions is practiced. While this could be an indication that blended intervention could be offering better outcomes, this remains an area with a research gap.

Using data from in‐depth qualitative interviews with poor non‐Hispanic white and Puerto Rican women living in a high‐poverty neighborhood in Philadelphia, this article investigates how issues of geographic and social space condition participants’ use of social resources provided locally by nongovernmental social service organizations (SSOs). The findings suggest that use of SSOs is highly contextual and situated in the local environment. In particular, proximity to agencies is found to be an important consideration in participants’ decision to use SSOs, but equally important are subjective understandings of the immediate environs and the ethnoracial groups that live there. Results suggest that studies of geographic place and social welfare might consider the role of service users’ sense of place and community in whether and how poor people make use of available organizational resources.

In only a few short years, Black Lives Matter has shaped mainstream discourse of racial inequality so as to emphasize the disparate ways our society tends to value certain lives and contributions over others. In this essay, I describe how today's Black liberation movement inspired me to revise a graduate course on race and conflict that directs students to think about how contemporary institutions and social practices determine the value of life at the color line. In the epilogue, I ponder another round of revisions given the outcome of the 2016 presidential election.

illustration Through their Eyes is a photo exhibition put together by Karat in order to address socio-economic situation of women from Albania, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The artists submitting their works were invited to show their own vision of the economic situation of women in their countries in order to challenge existing stereotypes related to the socio-economic situation of women and to depict the reality of women's changing lives in those countries.KARAT is a network working for women's economic and social rights in the EU Eastern Neighbourhood, Balkans and Central www.karat.org . (23 January 2009, Warsaw, Poland)