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Background: Creep feed is offered to suckling piglets to introduce solid feed and provide extra nutrients in late lactation. However, the effect of creep feed is inconsistent; there is little information about the effect of creep diet complexity on piglet performance. Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of creep feed and its complexity on growth performance of suckling and weaned pigs. Methods: In Exp. 1, eight litters (average 19.9 ± 1.1 d of age; initial piglet weight: 6.74 ± 1.2 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments considering breed, litter size and weight, as follows: no creep feed (n=3) and creep feed (n=5; offered for 8 days before weaning). At weaning (d 28 of age), the pigs were divided into three treatments (6 pigs/pen, 3 replicates; initial body weight: 9.66 ± 0.34 kg) balanced by gender, body weight, and breed, as follows: creep feed eaters, creep feed non-eaters, and no creep feed. In Exp. 2, two different types of creep feed were offered to suckling piglets (initial piglet weight: 3.79 ± 0.55 kg) in seven litters from d 12 of age (average 12.0 ± 1.3 d of age) to weaning (d 25 of age). Treatments were: HCF (n=4): highly-complex creep diet containing 3% fish meal, 2.4% blood meal, and 15% whey; and 2) LCF (n=3): lowly-complex creep diet without the mentioned ingredients. At weaning, only eater pigs were divided into 2 treatments (6 pigs/pen, 3 replicates; initial body weight: 7.53 ± 0.97 kg) balanced by gender, breed and body weight as follows: HCF eaters and LCF eaters. In both experiments, creep feed was mixed with 1% Cr2O3 to measure fecal color for eater/non-eater categorization and the pigs were fed a common nursery diet for 21 days. Results: In both experiments, there were no differences on piglet weaning weight and overall nursery growth performance among the treatments. In Exp. 2, the creep feed intake and percentage of eaters per litter were not different between the HCF and LCF treatments, whereas the HCF eaters tended to have a greater average daily gain (p=0.08) and gain to feed ratio (p=0.09) than the LCF eaters during d 7-14 postweaning. Conclusion: Creep feed did not affect overall piglet growth in suckling and nursery phases, but its complexity might affect pig growth in the early nursery phase.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability among older adults, particularly women. Pain and mobility disability are major consequences of knee OA which and can interfere with the functional autonomy of elderly and thus, making it difficult to perform activities of daily living. Evidence suggests that obesity is strongly linked to knee OA and that non-pharmacological therapy should be based on physical activity and weight loss in case of overweight and obesity. A positive relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health outcomes has been widely discussed in scientific literature, including its potential benefits in weight loss.ObjectivesTo determine whether a Mediterranean diet-based weight loss intervention is effective in promoting weight loss, improving physical function and reducing pain in older overweight older women with knee OA.MethodsTwelve community-dwelling physically active (enrolled in senior exercise classes 2x/week) overweight (BMI>27) older women (aged ≥60), with clinical symptoms of knee OA, participated in a dietary weight loss programme during 12 months. The weight loss programme was conducted by a trained dietitian and aimed to promote healthy eating (adherence to the Mediterranean diet) and weight loss using behavioural strategies (goal setting, problem solving, self-monitoring). It included individual sessions (individualised diet plan), group sessions (food education and problem solving) and workshops in healthy cooking. The following data was collected at baseline and after 12 months of dietary intervention: weight, body circumferences (waist and hip), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS - Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener), knee pain (only question “How often do you experience knee pain?”) and physical functional parameters (30s Chair Stand Test, Stair Climb Test, Timed up & Go Test and 6 Minute Walk Test).ResultsMean (SD) baseline descriptive characteristics included: age, 69 (6.3) years and BMI, 32.9 (5.5) kg/m2. After 12 months, a higher adherence (p=0.012) to the Mediterranean diet was observed. Mean weight loss was 5,5kg (6.7%; p=0.003). A significant reduction in waist (11.4 cm; p=0,003) and hip (2.4cm; p=0,033) circumferences was observed. Knee pain was significantly (p=0,010) less and physical function was significantly better (p=0.005) in the 6 Minute Walk Test. No significant difference was observed in the following physical function parameters: Timed up & Go, 30s Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test.ConclusionsThe results of the present pilot study showed significant improvements in knee pain, physical function (6 Minute Walk Test) together with significant reduction in weight loss and waist and hips circumferences. These findings suggest that a Mediterranean diet-based weight loss intervention may be an important non-pharmacological strategy in improving health outcomes in overweight older adults with knee osteoarthritis.Disclosure of InterestNone declared

Objective: To determine the influence of structural health determinants on the lifestyle habits of school-aged children and adolescents in Cali, Colombia (2021–2023). Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a descriptive design and analytical scope, conducted on a sample of 825 schoolchildren aged 8 to 17 years from five private educational institutions in Cali. Sociodemographic factors, diet quality, and sedentary time were analyzed using several parsimonious binary logistic regression models. Results: Of the total sample, 53.3% were male and 68.8% were adolescents aged 12 to 17. Poorer diet quality was associated with a lower paternal education level (primary education, OR = 2.58). Spending more than 480 minutes per day on sedentary activities was associated with being female (OR = 0.70), living only with the father (OR = 3.84), and belonging to a middle socioeconomic stratum (OR = 2.43). Conclusions: Associations were found between sedentary behavior, physical activity, diet quality, and certain structural health determinants. Gender and the father's education level were notable predictors in the models. Longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causality. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los determinantes estructurales de la salud en los estilos de vida de niños y adolescentes escolarizados en Cali, Colombia (2021-2023). Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de diseño descriptivo con alcance analítico, realizado en una muestra de 825 escolares de entre 8 y 17 años, provenientes de cinco instituciones educativas privadas de la ciudad de Cali. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, calidad de la dieta y tiempo sedentario, utilizando modelos logísticos binarios parsimoniosos. Resultados: El 53,3 % de la muestra correspondía al sexo masculino y el 68,8 % a adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años. Una peor calidad de dieta se asoció con un menor nivel educativo del padre (educación primaria, OR = 2,58). Dedicarse a más de 480 minutos diarios de actividades sedentarias se asoció con el sexo femenino (OR = 0,70), vivir solo con el padre (OR = 3,84) y pertenecer a un estrato socioeconómico medio (OR = 2,43). Conclusiones: Se identificaron asociaciones entre el sedentarismo, la actividad física, la calidad de la dieta y ciertos determinantes estructurales de la salud en esta población. El sexo y el nivel educativo del padre fueron relevantes en los modelos obtenidos. Se requieren estudios longitudinales para establecer relaciones causales. Objectivo: Determinar a influência dos determinantes estruturais da saúde no estilo de vida das crianças e adolescentes matriculados nas escolas de Cali, Colômbia (2021-2023). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, observacional, com um desenho descritivo e âmbito analítico, com uma amostra de 825 escolares entre os 8 e os 17 anos, de cinco instituições de ensino privadas da cidade de Cali. As variáveis ​​​​sociodemográficas, a qualidade da dieta e o tempo de sedentarismo foram analisadas através de modelos logísticos binários parcimoniosos. Resultados: 53,3% da amostra era do sexo masculino e 68,8% eram adolescentes entre os 12 e os 17 anos. A pior qualidade da dieta esteve associada a uma menor escolaridade paterna (ensino básico, OR = 2,58). A prática de atividades sedentárias durante mais de 480 minutos por dia associou-se a ser do sexo feminino (OR = 0,70), viver sozinho com o pai (OR = 3,84) e pertencer à classe socioeconómica média (OR = 2,43). Conclusões: Foram identificadas associações entre o sedentarismo, a atividade física, a qualidade da dieta e determinados determinantes estruturais da saúde nesta população. O género e a escolaridade paterna foram relevantes nos modelos obtidos. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para estabelecer relações causais.

Why have our food systems come to rely on such a narrow range of plant species of limited nutritional value? Today three staple crops (rice, maize and wheat) account for more than 50% of calories consumed while we continue to disregard the huge diversity of nutrient-rich plant species utilized by humanity throughout our history. The reasons for this situation are complex and challenging. Creative approaches are required to ensure greater integration of these plant species in agriculture and food systems, and ultimately greater food diversity on our plates and in our diets. This paper presents an overview of the nutritional value of select neglected and underutilized species (NUS) before describing in detail the work undertaken in four mega-diverse countries—Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey—to increase the knowledge, appreciation, awareness and utilization of this nutrient-rich biodiversity encompassing both orphan crops and wild edible plant species. The paper highlights the novel and ingenious approaches these countries have used to prioritize a rich diversity of NUS for healthier diets and improved nutrition, and how this knowledge has been used to mainstream these plant species into production and consumption systems, including linking NUS to school meals and public food procurement, dietary guidelines and sustainable gastronomy. The paper concludes with some perspectives on the way forward for NUS and the community working on them (including researchers, universities and government agencies, national ministries, municipalities, producers, and civil society) in meeting the challenges of malnutrition and environmental sustainability in the 2030 sustainable development context.

Diet plays an important role in preventing oral diseases including dental caries, dental erosion, developmental defects, oral mucosal diseases and, to a lesser extent, periodontal disease. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the evidence for an association between diet, nutrition and oral diseases and to clarify areas of uncertainty. Undernutrition increases the severity of oral mucosal and periodontal diseases and is a contributing factor to life-threatening noma. Undernutrition is associated with developmental defects of the enamel which increase susceptibility to dental caries. Dental erosion is perceived to be increasing. Evidence suggests that soft drinks, a major source of acids in the diet in developed countries, are a significant causative factor. Convincing evidence from experimental, animal, human observational and human intervention studies shows that sugars are the main dietary factor associated with dental caries. Despite the indisputable role of fluoride in the prevention of caries, it has not eliminated dental caries and many communities are not exposed to optimal quantities of fluoride. Controlling the intake of sugars therefore remains important for caries prevention. Research has consistently shown that when the intake of free sugars is < 15 kg/person/year, the level of dental caries is low. Despite experimental and animal studies suggesting that some starch-containing foods and fruits are cariogenic, this is not supported by epidemiological data, which show that high intakes of starchy staple foods, fruits and vegetables are associated with low levels of dental caries. Following global recommendations that encourage a diet high in starchy staple foods, fruit and vegetables and low in free sugars and fat will protect both oral and general health.

Se estudiaron 40 obesos entre 20 y 45 años no afectos de enfermedades crónicas o degenerativas. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: A, sometido a dieta hipocalórica balanceada de 1000 calorias y B, con dieta no restringida en calorías, proteínas ni grasas, exento de carbohidratos. El estudio duró 24 semanas, registrándose el peso y los niveles de lípidos, así como de insulina, después de una sobrecarga oral de glucosa. Finalizaron el estudio 7 pacientes del grupo A y 10 del B. La pérdida promedio de peso en la primera semana fue significativamente mayor (P <0,05) para el grupo B (3,7 kg) que para el A (2,1 kg). Posteriormente hubo pérdidas de peso similares en ambos grupos. El colesterol en el grupo A disminuyó desde la segunda semana, con diferencia significativa (P <0,05) entre el inicio y el final. Los triglicéridos no se modificaron significativamente. Las variaciones del colesterol en el B no fueron significativas y sí la dismiinución de los Triglicéridos (P <0,05). Inicialmente ambos grupos tenían hiperinsulinismo. La disminución del mismo sólo fue significativa en el grupo B (P <0,05). La dieta cetogénica provocó mayores pérdidas de peso, no causó alteraciones lipídicas nocivas. Y favoreció la disminución de la secreción insulínica. SUMMARY Effects of Ketogenic and balanced low - calorie diets in treatment of obese patients. Forty obese patients ranging from 20 to 45 years of age, free from chronic and degenerative diseases, were studied. They were aleatorily divided into two groups: A, who received a 1000 calorie, balanced diet and B, with a diet unrestricted in calories, protein or fat, but carbohydrate-free. Trial lasted 24 weeks; Weight and lipid levels, as well as insulin levels after an oral glucose load, were recorded and measured. Seven patients of group A and ten of group B Completed the study. Average weight loss at the end of first week was significantly greater (P<0.05) for group B (3.7 kg) than for group A (2.1 kg). Later on there were weight losses similar for both groups. Cholesterol decreased after second week for group A, and difference between levels at the beginning and at the end was statistically significant (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels did not change significantly. Variations in cholesterol levels were not significant for group B, but decreases in triglyceride levels were significant (P < 0.05). Initially, there was hyperinsulinism in both groups. Its decrease was only significant for group B (P<0.05). Ketogenic diet induced greater weight loss, did not cause dangerous lipid abnormalities and favoured a diminished insulin output.

En una época en la que predominan las dietas milagrosas o, cuanto menos, extrañas, reconocer el valor que la alimentación tradicional española tiene es imprescindible cuando se quiere promover la salud en todas las edades y circunstancias. Tanto en individuos sanos como, por supuesto, en pacientes de las distintas patologías donde la nutrición ocupa un papel destacado. Conviene recordar que la dieta mediterránea fue identificada con sus virtudes gracias al trabajo del fisiólogo norteamericano Ancel Keys, quien propuso que la forma de alimentarse de los países del Mediterráneo, con predominio de alimentos de origen vegetal, como cereales, legumbres, frutas, hortalizas y verduras; menor cantidad de leche, lácteos, carne y huevos y, por tanto, de grasa saturada, y mayor cantidad de pescado, era lo que hacía que la incidencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares fuera menor en esos países. Más recientemente, el estudio PREDIMED ha analizado los efectos de la dieta mediterránea sobre la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular y otras patologías, como la diabetes, cáncer, deterioro cognitivo y enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Lo cierto es que numerosas voces se han alzado en las últimas décadas advirtiendo del paulatino abandono que, en los países del mediterráneo, y en concreto en España, se viene produciendo de la alimentación tradicional: la dieta mediterránea. Una forma de alimentarse, recordemos, que no solo se refiere a los ingredientes -la comida- sino también a un estilo de vida en el que las relaciones sociales y una cultura muy concreta sirven no solo de marco sino también de raíz.

A variety of bioactive substances present in fruit- and vegetable-processed products have health-promoting properties. The consumption of nutrient-rich plant-based products is essential to address undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Preservation is paramount in manufacturing plant-based nonsolid foods such as juices, purees, and sauces. Thermal processing has been widely used to preserve fruit- and vegetable-based products by reducing enzymatic and microbial activities, thereby ensuring safety and prolonged shelf life. However, the nutritional value of products is compromised due to the deleterious effects of thermal treatments on essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. To prevent the loss of nutrients associated with thermal treatment, alternative technologies are being researched extensively. In studies conducted on nonsolid food, UV-C treatment has been proven to preserve quality and minimize nutrient degradation. This review compiles information on the use of UV-C technology in preserving the nutritional attributes of nonsolid foods derived from fruit and vegetables. The legislation, market potential, consumer acceptance, and limitations of UV-C are reviewed.

La dieta de los monos araña (Ateles spp.) está compuesta en un 90% por frutos maduros. Los monos araña podrían utilizar las cualidades dulce-ácida de las especies de frutos para evaluarlos y aceptarlos por medio del uso del sentido del gusto. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la sacarosa y pH en la aceptación de frutos maduros e inmaduros por el mono araña negro del Darién (A. f. rufiventris). Realizamos la búsqueda de los individuos de mono araña de manera directa en el dosel de los árboles y de manera indirecta por vocalizaciones (poste de escucha), en un transecto lineal establecido sobre el sendero principal de la Reserva Natural Privada Cerro Chucantí. Utilizamos el método Animal Focal (AF) por 10 minutos en machos adultos y hembras adultas para evaluar el uso del sentido del gusto y la aceptación de los frutos. Medimos los valores de sacarosa y pH de los frutos inmaduros y maduros evaluados por A. f. rufiventris. Nuestros AF evaluaron un total de 1,282 frutos de 9 especies de plantas, utilizaron con mayor frecuencia el sentido del gusto en frutos maduros, los cuales aceptaron en mayor proporción. Los valores de sacarosa y pH en las especies de frutos mostraron un efecto sobre el índice de aceptación por A. f. rufiventris. Sugerimos que este primate utiliza las cualidades dulce-ácida para evaluar la palatabilidad de los frutos y posteriormente aceptarlos/rechazarlos, confirmando la relación evolutiva entre las especies vegetales y la especialización dietética de este primate.

Lactulose-based hepatic encephalopathy treatment requires bowel movements/day titration, which is improved with Bristol stool scale (BSS) incorporation. Dieta app evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-based BSS (AI-BSS) with stool images. Initially, controls (N = 13) and cirrhosis patients on lactulose/not on lactulose (n = 33) were trained on the app. They entered self-reported BSS (self-BSS) with AI-BSS communicated. Lactulose dose changes were tracked. A subset (n = 12) was retested with AI communication blocked. Most subjects were comfortable with the app. Self/AI-BSS and lactulose dose/AI-BSS correlation increased with app use. AI-BSS communications improved insight into self-BSS over time. Dieta app to gauge stool AI characteristics was acceptable and increased insight into lactulose dose and BSS in cirrhosis.