Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
2,715
result(s) for
"endophytic"
Sort by:
Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa?
Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces of host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic fungi has revealed their biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with host plants and other microbiomes in the symbiotic continuum. In this review, we highlight the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors in these multidimensional interactions, and the biosynthesis of SMs in symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms in the symbiotic continuum and via the mimicry or alteration of phytochemical production in host plants. Alternative biological applications of SMs in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry and their major classes are also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction to the research background, progress, and prospects of endophytic biology, and discusses problems and substantive challenges that need further study.
Journal Article
Diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi in seeds of Elymus nutans growing in four locations of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, China
Aims
Seeds are involved in the transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to the next, acting as initial inoculum for the plant microbiome, therefore provide a key source of variability in plants. This study aimed to characterize the seed bacteria and fungi communities in
Elymus nutans
, a dominant perennial grass growing in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) and explore the effects of plant growth location on the seed microbiome.
Methods
Seeds were collected from plants growing in four locations in the QTP. The seed microbial community was examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of DNA extracted from the surface sterilized seeds.
Results
The seed bacterial community was dominated by the bacteria phylum Proteobacteria (98%) and fungal phyla Ascomycota (83%) and Basidiomycota (15%). At the lower taxonomic level, the bacterial genus
Pseudomonas
dominated in all four locations with an average relative abundance of 83% whereas the fungal genera that dominated the seed microbiome was diverse, the most prominent being
Epichloë
,
Pyrenophora
,
Mycosphaerella
and
Bullera
. Ecologically important bacterial family
Nitrosomonadaceae
(nitrifiers) and fungal phylum Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) were detected in this study for the first time as seed endophytes. The
Elymus nutans
seed bacterial community was not impacted by the plant growth location, in contrast, the seed fungal community varied significantly in four locations.
Conclusions
The seeds of
Elymus nutans
host diverse endophytic bacteria and fungi. Unlike the bacteria, the host plant selection of seed fungal endophytes was observed to have been affected by plant growth location. Positive and negative associations in the
Elymus nutans
seed microbiome were observed.
Journal Article
Endophyte-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological applications
Biosynthesis has emerged as a frontier technology for fabrication of functionally diverse nanoparticles that possess tremendous therapeutic implications. Various biological resources have already demonstrated their potential to produce nanoparticles with interesting features. Endophytic microbes live in a symbiotic relationship with plants possessing a unique and versatile reservoir of potentially therapeutic secondary metabolites having the tendency to reduce metallic ions into nanoparticles. Successful biosynthesis of AgNPs using endophytic organisms has already been reported; however, the overall picture about its synthesis and applications is still not clear. In the current article, a comprehensive review of literature was performed for comparing different physical and biological properties of endophytic microbe-derived AgNPs. In addition, the present paper mechanistically explains the synthesis of AgNPs and their diverse pharmacognostic properties. Further studies are encouraged to understand the mechanism of biopharmaceutical effects of these endophyte-mediated NPs.
Journal Article
Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study
Secondary metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungi have been getting more and more attention. Some secondary metabolites exhibit high biological activities, hence, they have potential to be used for promising lead compounds in drug discovery. In this review, a total of 134 journal articles (from 2017 to 2019) were reviewed and the chemical structures of 449 new metabolites, including polyketides, terpenoids, steroids and so on, were summarized. Besides, various biological activities and structure-activity relationship of some compounds were aslo described.
Journal Article
Progress in research on paclitaxel and tumor immunotherapy
Paclitaxel is a well-known anticancer agent with a unique mechanism of action. It is considered to be one of the most successful natural anticancer drugs available. This study summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the sources, the anticancer mechanism, and the biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel. With the advancement of biotechnology, improvements in endophytic fungal strains, and the use of recombination techniques and microbial fermentation engineering, the yield of extracted paclitaxel has increased significantly. Recently, paclitaxel has been found to play a large role in tumor immunity, and it has a great potential for use in many cancer treatments.
Journal Article
Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies
Plant-associated fungi (endophytic fungi) are a biodiversity-rich group of microorganisms that are normally found asymptomatically within plant tissues or in the intercellular spaces. Endophytic fungi promote the growth of host plants by directly producing secondary metabolites, which enhances the plant’s resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Additionally, they are capable of biosynthesizing medically important “phytochemicals” that were initially thought to be produced only by the host plant. In this review, we summarized some compounds from endophyte fungi with novel structures and diverse biological activities published between 2011 and 2021, with a focus on the origin of endophytic fungi, the structural and biological activity of the compounds they produce, and special attention paid to the exploration of pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of certain compounds. This review revealed that endophytic fungi had high potential to be harnessed as an alternative source of secondary metabolites for pharmacological studies.
Journal Article
Endophytic fungi: a tool for plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture
Endophytic fungi are found in most, if not all, plant species on the planet. They colonise inner plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease, thus providing benefits to the host plant while also benefiting from this interaction. The global concern for the development of more sustainable agriculture has increased in recent years, and research has been performed to decipher ecology and explore the potential of endophytic interactions in plant growth. To date, many studies point to the positive aspects of endophytic colonisation, and in this review, such research is summarised based on the direct (acquisition of nutrients and phytohormone production) and indirect (induced resistance, production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites, production of siderophores and protection for abiotic and biotic stresses) benefits of endophytic colonisation. An in-depth discussion of the mechanisms is also presented.
Journal Article
High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of the composition and diversity of the endophyte community in roots of Stellera chamaejasme
Stellera chamaejasme
(
S. chamaejasme
) is an important medicinal plant with heat-clearing, detoxifying, swelling and anti-inflammatory effects. At the same time, it is also one of the iconic plants of natural grassland degradation in northwest China, playing a key role in the invasion process. Plant endophytes live in healthy plant tissues and can synthesize substances needed for plant growth, induce disease resistance in host plants, and enhance plant resistance to environmental stress. Therefore, studying the root endophytes of
S. chamaejasme
is of great significance for mining beneficial microbial resources and biological prevention and control of
S. chamaejasme
. This study used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the composition and diversity of endophytes in the roots of
S. chamaejasme
in different alpine grasslands (BGC, NMC and XGYZ) in Tibet. Research results show that the main phylum of endophytic fungi in the roots of
S. chamaejasme
in different regions is Ascomycota, and the main phyla of endophytic bacteria are Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (Bacteroidota). Overall, the endophyte diversity of the NMC samples was significantly higher than that of the other two sample sites. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results showed significant differences in the composition of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities among BGC, NMC and XGYZ samples. Co-occurrence network analysis of endophytes showed that there were positive correlations between fungi and some negative correlations between bacteria, and the co-occurrence network of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. In short, this study provides a vital reference for further exploring and utilizing the endophyte resources of
S. chamaejasme
and an in-depth understanding of the ecological functions of
S. chamaejasme
endophytes.
Journal Article