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7,982 result(s) for "neonatology"
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Strukturelle thalamo-kortikale Konnektivitatsveranderungen sind bei fruhgeborenen Erwachsenen mit kognitiven Beeintrachtigungen assoziiert
Hintergrund: Fruhgeburt ist ein risikofaktor fur die Entwicklung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen und kognitiver beeintrachtigung. Dies wird u. a. auf das hohe risiko perinataler Hirnschadigungen mit erhohter Vulnerabilitat thalamo-kortikaler Verbindungen zuruckgefuhrt. Basierend auf den in einer Vorgangerstudie gefundenen funktionellen Konnektivitatsveranderungen zwischen hinterem ruhenetzwerk (pDMN) und dorsomedialem Thalamus bei fruhgeborenen Erwachsenen sollte in dieser studie mittels DTI ein mogliches strukturelles Korrelat identifiziert werden. Methoden: Im rahmen der bayrischen Entwicklungsstudie (bEsT) wurden bei 155 Personen im Alter von 26 Jahren (hiervon 82 Fruhgeborene) mithilfe probabilistischer traktographie (pDMN-thalamus) Konnektivitatskarten des Thalamus erstellt. Gruppenunterschiede in der strukturellen Konnektivitat wurden mithilfe von voxelweisen t-tests untersucht und auf einen Zusammenhang zu kognitiven Parametern (Gesamt-IQ) in einem multiplen regressionsmodell getestet. Ergebnisse: Fruhgeborene zeigten eine statistisch signifikant erhohte strukturelle Konnektivitat zwischen spezifischen thalamischen Nuclei (dorsomediale thalamuskerne sowie Pulvinar) und kortikalen regionen des pDMN (p < 0.05, FWR korrigiert, s. Abb. 1). Der IQ-Wert der Fruhgeborenen konnte durch diese Veranderungen signifikant vorhergesagt werden ([beta] = -0.32, p = 0.004). Diskussion: Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen fur langfristige Effekte einer Fruhgeburt auf die strukturelle Konnektivitat zwischen thalamuskernen hoherer Ordnung und dem pDMN. Die tatsache, dass diese Veranderungen mit einem reduzierten Gesamt-IQ bei den Fruhgeborenen einhergehen, unterstreicht die relevanz fur die Kognition.
Analysis of unsuccessful intubations in neonates using videolaryngoscopy recordings
ObjectivesNeonatal intubation is a difficult skill to learn and teach. If an attempt is unsuccessful, the intubator and instructor often cannot explain why. This study aims to review videolaryngoscopy recordings of unsuccessful intubations and explain the reasons why attempts were not successful.Study designThis is a descriptive study examining videolaryngoscopy recordings obtained from a randomised controlled trial that evaluated if neonatal intubation success rates of inexperienced trainees were superior if they used a videolaryngoscope compared with a laryngoscope. All recorded unsuccessful intubations were included and reviewed independently by two reviewers blinded to study group. Their assessment was correlated with the intubator’s perception as reported in a postintubation questionnaire. The Cormack-Lehane classification system was used for objective assessment of laryngeal view.ResultsRecordings and questionnaires from 45 unsuccessful intubations were included (15 intervention and 30 control). The most common reasons for an unsuccessful attempt were oesophageal intubation and failure to recognise the anatomy. In 36 (80%) of intubations, an intubatable view was achieved but was then either lost, not recognised or there was an apparent inability to correctly direct the endotracheal tube. Suctioning was commonly performed but rarely improved the view.ConclusionsLack of intubation success was most commonly due to failure to recognise midline anatomical structures. Trainees need to be taught to recognise the uvula and epiglottis and use these landmarks to guide intubation. Excessive secretions are rarely a factor in elective and premedicated intubations, and routine suctioning should be discouraged. Better blade design may make it easier to direct the tube through the vocal cords.