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Since the 3rd edition appeared, a fast evolution of the field has occurred.The fourth edition of this classic work provides an up-to-date account of the nonlinear phenomena occurring inside optical fibers.

The development of new highly nonlinear fibers, referred to as microstructured fibers, holey fibers and photonic crystal fibers, is the next generation technology for all-optical signal processing and biomedical applications. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to incorporate these key technology developments. This book presents sound coverage of the fundamentals of lightwave technology, along with material on pulse compression techniques and rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. The extensively revised chapters include information on fiber-optic communication systems and the ultrafast signal processing techniques that make use of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. New material focuses on the applications of highly nonlinear fibers in areas ranging from wavelength laser tuning and nonlinear spectroscopy to biomedical imaging and frequency metrology. Technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and quantum communications are also covered in a new chapter.

This clear and self-contained review of the last four decades of research highlights in the hot field of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, particularly of borate-based ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet NLO crystals, covers three major subjects: the structure-property relationship in borate crystals, the structural and optical characteristics of various promising borate crystals, and their fruitful applications in a wide range of scientific and technological fields. Edited by the discoverers and users of these optical borate crystals, this is a readily accessible reading for semiconductor, applied and solid state physicists, materials scientists, solid state chemists, manufacturers of optoelectronic devices, and those working in the optical industry.

In its 60 years of existence, the field of nonlinear optics has gained momentum especially over the past two decades thanks to major breakthroughs in material science and technology. In this article, we present a new set of data tables listing nonlinear-optical properties for different material categories as reported in the literature since 2000. The papers included in the data tables are representative experimental works on bulk materials, solvents, 0D–1D–2D materials, metamaterials, fiber waveguiding materials, on-chip waveguiding materials, hybrid waveguiding systems, and materials suitable for nonlinear optics at THz frequencies. In addition to the data tables, we also provide best practices for performing and reporting nonlinear-optical experiments. These best practices underpin the selection process that was used for including papers in the tables. While the tables indeed show strong advancements in the field over the past two decades, we encourage the nonlinear-optics community to implement the identified best practices in future works. This will allow a more adequate comparison, interpretation and use of the published parameters, and as such further stimulate the overall progress in nonlinear-optical science and applications.

Symmetry plays a central role in conventional and topological phases of matter, making the ability to optically drive symmetry changes a critical step in developing future technologies that rely on such control. Topological materials, like topological semimetals, are particularly sensitive to a breaking or restoring of time-reversal and crystalline symmetries, which affect both bulk and surface electronic states. While previous studies have focused on controlling symmetry via coupling to the crystal lattice, we demonstrate here an all-electronic mechanism based on photocurrent generation. Using second harmonic generation spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of symmetry changes, we observe an ultrafast breaking of time-reversal and spatial symmetries following femtosecond optical excitation in the prototypical type-I Weyl semimetal TaAs. Our results show that optically driven photocurrents can be tailored to explicitly break electronic symmetry in a generic fashion, opening up the possibility of driving phase transitions between symmetry-protected states on ultrafast timescales. The authors demonstrate ultrafast symmetry breaking by optically driven photocurrents.

Symmetry plays a central role in conventional and topological phases of matter, making the ability to optically drive symmetry changes a critical step in developing future technologies that rely on such control. Topological materials, like topological semimetals, are particularly sensitive to a breaking or restoring of time-reversal and crystalline symmetries, which affect both bulk and surface electronic states. While previous studies have focused on controlling symmetry via coupling to the crystal lattice, we demonstrate here an all-electronic mechanism based on photocurrent generation. Using second harmonic generation spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of symmetry changes, we observe an ultrafast breaking of time-reversal and spatial symmetries following femtosecond optical excitation in the prototypical type-I Weyl semimetal TaAs. Here, our results show that optically driven photocurrents can be tailored to explicitly break electronic symmetry in a generic fashion, opening up the possibility of driving phase transitions between symmetry-protected states on ultrafast timescales.

Featured with high thermal decomposition temperature and layered structure, violet phosphorus (VP) offers an unparalleled stable allotrope of phosphorus to demonstrate the optoelectronic device and photonics elements with high performance at the nanoscale. Here, we report few-layer and hundreds of nanometer-sized VP with robust stability in different solvents and ambient conditions by ultrasound-assisted liquid phase exfoliation approach. For the first time, the ultrafast carrier dynamics and third-order nonlinear optical response of VP were investigated. Sub-picosecond timescale ultrafast carrier dynamic and ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption of VP were demonstrated. Our findings demonstrated that VP possessed a promising potential for use in ultrafast nonlinear photonic applications such as saturable absorbers and optical switches.

Ultrafast fibre lasers, characterized by ultrashort pulse duration and broad spectral bandwidth, have drawn significant attention due to their vast potential across a wide range of applications, from fundamental scientific to industrial processing and beyond. As dissipative nonlinear systems, ultrafast fibre lasers not only generate single solitons, but also exhibit various forms of spatiotemporal soliton bunching. Analogous to molecules composed of multiple atoms in chemistry, soliton molecules (SMs) – alias bound states – in ultrafast fibre lasers are a key concept for gaining a deeper understanding of nonlinear interaction and hold a promise for advancing high-capacity fibre-optic communications. SMs are particularly notable for their high degree of controllability, including their internal temporal separation, and relative phase differences, thereby suggesting new possibilities for manipulating multi-pulse systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the studies of SMs with the multidimensional parameter space in ultrafast fibre lasers. Owing to the flexibility afforded by mode-locking techniques and dispersion management, various types of SMs – with diverse values of the soliton number, relative phase, pulse separation, carrier frequencies, and even modal dispersion – have been experimentally demonstrated. We also discuss other basic nonlinear optical phenomena observed in fibre lasers, including the formation, spatiotemporal pulsations, and interaction dynamics of SMs. Furthermore, we explore the multidimensional control of SMs through approaches such as gain modulation, polarization control, dispersion management, and photomechanical effects, along with their applications to optical data encoding. Finally, we discuss challenges and future development of multidimensional technologies for the manipulation of SMs.

The crystal structure, morphology, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Co-doped Ba1−xCoxTiO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06) were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy measurements. The XRD patterns confirmed that the Ba1−xCoxTiO3 samples crystallized in the perovskite phase, and a transition from quadratic to pseudo-cubic phase was observed with Co doping. Upon doping, the band gap (Eg) decreased from 3.14 eV to 2.11 eV, indicating that Co doping into BaTiO3 caused a change in their electronic levels associated with lattice defects. Additionally, the optical parameters including linear refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric coefficient, optical conductivity (σopt), and the static index (n0) were extracted and linked to the Co content. Finally, analysis of the linear (LOp) and nonlinear optical (NLOp) parameters of Ba1−xCoxTiO3 revealed that the increase in Co content induces an increase in the NLOp refractive index (n2) and third-order NLOp susceptibility χ(3).

This book is a tutorial-based introduction to nonlinear optics that is suitable for graduate-level courses in electrical and electronic engineering, and for electronic and computer engineering departments, physics departments, and as a reference for industry practitioners of nonlinear optics. It will appeal to a wide audience of optics, physics and electrical and electronic engineering students, as well as practitioners in related fields, such as materials science and chemistry.