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A community-sourced glossary of open scholarship terms
Open scholarship has transformed research, and introduced a host of new terms in the lexicon of researchers. The ‘Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Teaching’ (FORRT) community presents a crowdsourced glossary of open scholarship terms to facilitate education and effective communication between experts and newcomers.
Journal Article
The railway navvies : a history of the men who made the railways
This is the definitive story of the men who built the railways - the unknown Victorian labourers who blasted, tunnelled, drank and brawled their way across nineteenth-century England. Preached at and plundered, sworn at and swindled, this anarchic elite endured perils and disasters, and carved out of the English countryside an industrial-age architecture unparalleled in grandeur and audacity since the building of the cathedrals.
Book
Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement
We provide direct empirical evidence in support of instrumental stakeholder theory's argument that increasing stakeholder support enhances the financial valuation of a firm, holding constant the objective valuation of the physical assets under its control We undertake this analysis using panel data on 26 gold mines owned by 19 publicly traded firms over the period 1993-2008. We code over 50,000 stakeholder events from media reports to develop an index of the degree of stakeholder conflict/cooperation for these mines. By incorporating this index in a market capitalization analysis, we reduce the discount placed by financial markets on the net present value of the physical assets controlled by these firms from 72 percent to between 37 and 13percent.
Journal Article
Late Quaternary vegetation, biodiversity and fire dynamics on the southern Brazilian highland and their implication for conservation and management of modern Araucaria forest and grassland ecosystems
Palaeoecological background information is needed for management and conservation of the highly diverse mosaic of Araucaria forest and Campos (grassland) in southern Brazil. Questions on the origin of Araucaria forest and grasslands; its development, dynamic and stability; its response to environmental change such as climate; and the role of human impact are essential. Further questions on its natural stage of vegetation or its alteration by pre- and post-Columbian anthropogenic activity are also important. To answer these questions, palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental data based on pollen, charcoal and multivariate data analysis of radiocarbon dated sedimentary archives from southern Brazil are used to provide an insight into past vegetation changes, which allows us to improve our understanding of the modern vegetation and to develop conservation and management strategies for the strongly affected ecosystems in southern Brazil.
Journal Article
Estimating The Appropriate Size Of Global Pull Incentives For Antibacterial Medicines
Antibacterial medicines should be foundational for modern medicine-a key part of the infrastructure of contemporary practice. Recently, however, antibacterials have struggled commercially. Even with \"push\" incentives (grants paid before regulatory approval), antibacterials have failed on the market because revenues are tied to volume sold. There are policy initiatives under way in the United States and United Kingdom that explore paying for exceptional antibacterials with \"pull\" incentives (paid after regulatory approval) by delinking the payments from volume via other payment formats such as market entry rewards and subscriptions. This article discusses these initiatives but also proposes an expected net present value model for calculating the global incentives required to create a functional antibacterial market, exploring options such as antibacterial subscriptions, market entry rewards, push incentives, higher prices, and drug development through charitable efforts. The model estimates that current push incentives should be continued, but governments must also enact pull incentives that will add several billion dollars to the global revenue stream of a highly innovative antibacterial, reduced by any grants received supporting clinical development of that product. The amounts in the proposed Pioneering Antibiotic Subscriptions to End Upsurging Resistance (PASTEUR) Act of 2021 and a UK pilot program are well within the bounds of an effective antibacterial pull incentive.
Journal Article
A Diagnostic Approach to Corporate Sustainability Based on Normalized Net Margins and Extended Present Value
Relying on indices and ratios for rigorous deterministic valuations entirely, present analysis models often fail to clearly and logically represent diagnoses of companies and the outcomes of transactions conducted in risk capital markets, particularly banks, and other credit entities. Focusing on interactions between money, credit, production, and income mechanisms, we propose an alternate method for assessing businesses and determining their value at a certain time and the relative probability of insolvency. Replacing the static measures under which companies are normally evaluated, the method we propose outlines mathematical measures that normalize expected flows, positioning them against ‘extended present value’ to deepen the significance of income aspects to financial assessments.
Journal Article
Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Grid-Independent Hybrid Energy System for Sustained Rural Electrification in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh
The absence of electricity is among the gravest problems preventing a nation’s development. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) play a vital role to reducing this issue. The major goal of this study is to use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II and hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) Pro Software to reduce the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and CO2 emissions of proposed power system. Five cases have been considered to understand the optimal HRES system for Kutubdia Island in Bangladesh and analyzed the technical viability and economic potential of this system. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested strategy, the best case outcomes from the two approaches are compared. The study’s optimal solution is also subjected to a sensitivity analysis to take into account fluctuations in the annual wind speed, solar radiation, and fuel costs. According to the data, the optimized PV/Wind/Battery/DG system (USD 711,943) has a lower NPC than the other cases. The NPC obtained by the NSGA-II technique is 2.69% lower than that of the HOMER-based system.
Journal Article