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A new modal pushover analysis procedure (VMPA-A) is developed and implemented in MATLAB code for three-dimensional buildings subjected to bidirectional ground motions. VMPA-A uses stepwise force patterns to represent changes in the dynamic characteristics because of the accumulated structural damages. The hybrid-spectrum concept is introduced to account for the bidirectional ground motion effects. Due to enactments of the equal displacement rule and the secant stiffness-based linearization process, nonlinear analysis is performed for specific displacement targets without stipulation of full modal capacity curves for each mode. Horizontal components of an earthquake record are considered simultaneously, and the consistency between the force and displacement vectors for each mode is provided. These are the main advantages of the proposed procedure against modal pushover analysis (MPA). An existing 21-story reinforced concrete building is analyzed to exemplify VMPA-A. The response parameters such as displacements, story drifts, internal forces, strains, etc. are discussed by comparing the results of VMPA-A with nonlinear time history analyses, which is accepted as the “exact solution”. Though consistent demand estimations are obtained for story drifts, displacements and deformations, some conservative results are obtained for story shears.

In that study, first, the behaviour of insulated concrete form walls with and without openings were analysed numerically by Abaqus and Sap2000 under different axial pressure levels. In screen grid insulated concrete form wall specimens, the lateral load capacity varied between 152kN to 362.6kN. The lateral load capacity of flat insulated concrete form walls varied between 160.17kN (in zero axial pressure) to 593.42KN (under an axial pressure which is equal to 35% of characteristic concrete strength). Later, a three-story structure was considered, to be constructed using screen-grid insulated concrete forms, flat insulated concrete forms, and conventional walls. According to the pushover analysis, it was seen that the structures showed nearly a linear elastic behaviour and the structures are rigid. By using screen grid insulated concrete form walls, it’s possible to have a lateral load capacity which is 56% of the capacity of structure with conventional walls. By using flat insulated concrete form walls the capacity increased to 69% of the capacity of structure with conventional walls. The ICF system can be considered as an alternative fast construction method if rigid structures are aimed to be designed.

The awareness and preservation of the vernacular heritage and traditional construction techniques and materials is crucial as a key element of cultural identity. However, vernacular architecture located in earthquake prone areas can show a particularly poor seismic performance because of inadequate construction practices resulting from economic restraints and lack of resources. The horizontal diaphragms are one of the key aspects influencing the seismic behavior of buildings because of their major role transmitting the seismic actions to the vertical resisting elements of the structure. This paper presents a numerical parametric study adopted to understand the seismic behavior and resisting mechanisms of vernacular buildings according to the type of horizontal diaphragm considered. Detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were used to perform the thorough parametric study aimed at the evaluation and quantification of the influence of the type of diaphragm in the seismic behavior of vernacular buildings. The reference models used for this study simulate representative rammed earth and stone masonry vernacular buildings commonly found in the South of Portugal. Therefore, this paper also contributes for a better insight of the structural behavior of vernacular earthen and stone masonry typologies under seismic loading.

Purpose Salespeople frequently face the predicament of wanting to protect their market knowledge from coworkers while not appearing recalcitrant. Considering the choice of disclosing information or refusing to disclose, they may choose a third option: appearing to share knowledge while concealing substantive information, which this study calls evasive knowledge hiding. This study surmises that the consequences of these choices impact perceptions of customer outcomes. Using social exchange theory, the purpose of this article is to examine the internal relational antecedents and perceptions of external customer outcomes of evasive knowledge hiding, as well as the moderating effects of pushover manager and environmental dynamism. Design/methodology/approach A moderated mediation model was used to analyze survey data from 234 business-to-business salespeople. Findings Internal competition and coworkers’ past opportunistic behavior increase evasive knowledge hiding. These effects are attenuated if the manager is not a pushover. Evasive knowledge hiding decreases perceptions of external customer outcomes, particularly at low levels of environmental dynamism. Research limitations/implications Data was collected from salespeople, which presents a look from perpetrators themselves. While directly observing salespeople was the goal, sourcing and matching customer and manager data would only strengthen the results. Practical implications Salespeople evasively hide their knowledge if it is in their best interest, which may unwittingly hurt perceptions of customer outcomes. Originality/value This study formally introduces salesperson evasive knowledge hiding into the marketing and sales literature. The research highlights the dark side of social exchange theory by demonstrating how internal coworker relationships affect perceptions of external customer relationships via evasive knowledge hiding. This study also introduces pushover manager as an enabling moderating variable.

In the present study, the incremental modal pushover analysis (IMPA), a pushover-based approach already proposed and applied to buildings by the same authors, was revised and proposed for bridges (IMPAβ). Pushover analysis considers the effects of higher modes on the structural response. Bridges are structurally very different from multi-story buildings, where multimodal pushover (MPA) has been developed and is currently used. In bridges, consideration for higher modes is often necessary: The responses of some structural elements of the bridge (e.g., piers) influence the overall bridge response. Therefore, the failure of these elements can determine the failure of the whole structure, even if they give a small contribution total base shear. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) requires input accelerograms for high intensities, which are rare in the databases, while scaling of generated accelerograms with a simple increment of the scaling acceleration is not appropriate. This fact renders IDA, which is by its nature time-consuming, not straightforward. On the contrary, the change of input spectrum required by IMPA is simple. IMPAβ also utilizes a simple complementary method coupled to MPA, to obtain bounds at very high seismic intensities. Finally, the two incremental methods based on static nonlinear and dynamic nonlinear analyses are compared.

This study proposes a comprehensive seismic retrofit strategy for a 24-story steel building originally designed according to the outdated seismic code (GB 50011-2001). The building suffers from structural deficiencies, including excessive torsional displacement, insufficient axial load-bearing capacity of columns, and the presence of weak-story mechanisms. In this retrofit, BRB were adopted to make the structure comply with the modern seismic code (GB 50011-2010). Through systematic analysis using the YJK structural software, BRB were arranged at the mid-spans in the Y-direction of the structure. The results verified that the BRB system enhances the lateral stiffness of the structure while maintaining its architectural functionality. Compared with the base isolation alternative, it reduces the construction cost. Moreover, the structure can meet the requirements of GB 50011-2010 without disrupting its normal operation. This work establishes a reference framework for cost-effective seismic retrofitting of high-rise buildings.

World frequently faces the seismic activities at different locations with varying intensities causing heavy damage to the property. Here we are doing Comparative vulnerability study between two soil type which is sand and soft soil. We will analyze two building having same dimensions, beam column sections. This paper represents the comparative vulnerability analysis which have been resulted using pushover analysis. Also the plastic hinge properties have been utilized for calculating the seismic vulnerability index to examine the performance stages of the selected building, complete used software is SAP 2000.

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects were investigated on structural responses of wind turbine. Force versus deformation (i.e., p-y curves) was simulated by multilinear elastic springs. The whole system, including the structure, control vibration system and soil nonlinear effects are simulated within a single three-dimensional finite element model. Modeling accuracy was verified using available results related to a 65 kW wind turbine discussed in the literature. Pushover analysis results indicated a fixed-base assumption ends up with overestimation of stiffness compared to the case where SSI effects are considered. Moreover, it is observed that the performance of tuned mass damper (TMD) is highly dependent on its tuned frequency domain, and its efficiency decreases significantly after SSI effects are considered. Lateral deformations of a wind turbine are much higher compared to the fixed-base condition. Therefore, SSI effects play a crucial part in designing wind turbines and should not be neglected in practice.

The steel frame structure with fuse system is realized by integrating a linked-column frame structure with an energy dissipation system. ABAQUS software was used in this study to assess the structural response of this type of structure by modeling the fuse system. This model was then used to examine how the reduced beam section (RBS) geometry impacts seismic performance. The effects of story height, fuse system span, RBS connection beam strength, and fuse system layout on the structure’s overall performance were examined through pushover analysis. Assuming small deformation and using the principle of virtual work, formulas were established to calculate the elastic lateral stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the steel frame with fuse system. The study recommends specific values for the distance from the end plate to the RBS, the extent of flange reduction, and the depth of the flange cut as 0.65 b f , 0.65 h b , and 0.2 b f , respectively. Adjusting the story height and fuse beam span has a negligible impact on the displacement angle range in the structure’s rapid repair stage. RBS connection beams made of lower-grade steel than the steel frames cause the fuse system to yield earlier, and placing the fuse system at the side span is more effective than positioning it at the center. The proposed method for calculating lateral stiffness and ultimate load capacity shows an accuracy within a 10% margin of error compared to finite element analysis results.

Addressing the seismic vulnerability of infrastructures is critical, especially for those built before the introduction of the current seismic regulations. One of the primary challenges lies in retrofitting these buildings without interrupting their functionality. In this context, the use of exoskeletons for seismic retrofitting represents an effective solution. This approach increases the seismic resistance and ensures the continuous operation of the building during retrofitting. This advantage is especially crucial for critical infrastructures, such as airports. Nevertheless, traditional seismic assessment methods based on pushover analyses might not accurately predict the seismic capacity of complex infrastructures dominated by local vibration modes. To bridge this gap, the study proposes refining the multimodal pushover analysis tailored for seismic vulnerability assessments of large infrastructures with exoskeletons characterized by low modal participation ratios. The Foggia Airport case study exemplifies these points and highlights the practical applications of the discussed advancements. The authors compared two force distributions for push-over analysis, addressing the fine-tuning of exoskeletons to maximize their seismic resistance.