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Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Networks: Overview of the Main Principles and Applications
Optical fiber sensors present several advantages in relation to other types of sensors. These advantages are essentially related to the optical fiber properties, i.e., small, lightweight, resistant to high temperatures and pressure, electromagnetically passive, among others. Sensing is achieved by exploring the properties of light to obtain measurements of parameters, such as temperature, strain, or angular velocity. In addition, optical fiber sensors can be used to form an Optical Fiber Sensing Network (OFSN) allowing manufacturers to create versatile monitoring solutions with several applications, e.g., periodic monitoring along extensive distances (kilometers), in extreme or hazardous environments, inside structures and engines, in clothes, and for health monitoring and assistance. Most of the literature available on this subject focuses on a specific field of optical sensing applications and details their principles of operation. This paper presents a more broad overview, providing the reader with a literature review that describes the main principles of optical sensing and highlights the versatility, advantages, and different real-world applications of optical sensing. Moreover, it includes an overview and discussion of a less common architecture, where optical sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are integrated to harness the benefits of both worlds.
Journal Article
Software Defined Networking for Improved Wireless Sensor Network Management: A Survey
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular with the advent of the Internet of things (IoT). Various real-world applications of WSNs such as in smart grids, smart farming and smart health would require a potential deployment of thousands or maybe hundreds of thousands of sensor nodes/actuators. To ensure proper working order and network efficiency of such a network of sensor nodes, an effective WSN management system has to be integrated. However, the inherent challenges of WSNs such as sensor/actuator heterogeneity, application dependency and resource constraints have led to challenges in implementing effective traditional WSN management. This difficulty in management increases as the WSN becomes larger. Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides a promising solution in flexible management WSNs by allowing the separation of the control logic from the sensor nodes/actuators. The advantage with this SDN-based management in WSNs is that it enables centralized control of the entire WSN making it simpler to deploy network-wide management protocols and applications on demand. This paper highlights some of the recent work on traditional WSN management in brief and reviews SDN-based management techniques for WSNs in greater detail while drawing attention to the advantages that SDN brings to traditional WSN management. This paper also investigates open research challenges in coming up with mechanisms for flexible and easier SDN-based WSN configuration and management.
Journal Article
Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework
Sensor networks generate vast amounts of data in real-time, which challenges existing predictive maintenance frameworks due to high latency, energy consumption, and bandwidth requirements. This research addresses these limitations by proposing an edge-cloud hybrid framework, leveraging edge devices for immediate anomaly detection and cloud servers for in-depth failure prediction. A K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs) model is deployed on edge devices to detect anomalies in real-time, reducing the need for continuous data transfer to the cloud. Meanwhile, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model in the cloud analyzes time-series data for predictive failure analysis, enhancing maintenance scheduling and operational efficiency. The framework’s dynamic workload management algorithm optimizes task distribution between edge and cloud resources, balancing latency, bandwidth usage, and energy consumption. Experimental results show that the hybrid approach achieves a 35% reduction in latency, a 28% decrease in energy consumption, and a 60% reduction in bandwidth usage compared to cloud-only solutions. This framework offers a scalable, efficient solution for real-time predictive maintenance, making it highly applicable to resource-constrained, data-intensive environments.
Journal Article
Improved Metaheuristics-Based Clustering with Multihop Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) comprise numerous underwater wireless sensor nodes dispersed in the marine environment, which find applicability in several areas like data collection, navigation, resource investigation, surveillance, and disaster prediction. Because of the usage of restricted battery capacity and the difficulty in replacing or charging the inbuilt batteries, energy efficiency becomes a challenging issue in the design of UWSN. Earlier studies reported that clustering and routing are considered effective ways of attaining energy efficacy in the UWSN. Clustering and routing processes can be treated as nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard optimization problems, and they can be addressed by the use of metaheuristics. This study introduces an improved metaheuristics-based clustering with multihop routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks, named the IMCMR-UWSN technique. The major aim of the IMCMR-UWSN technique is to choose cluster heads (CHs) and optimal routes to a destination. The IMCMR-UWSN technique incorporates two major processes, namely the chaotic krill head algorithm (CKHA)-based clustering and self-adaptive glow worm swarm optimization algorithm (SA-GSO)-based multihop routing. The CKHA technique selects CHs and organizes clusters based on different parameters such as residual energy, intra-cluster distance, and inter-cluster distance. Similarly, the SA-GSO algorithm derives a fitness function involving four parameters, namely residual energy, delay, distance, and trust. Utilization of the IMCMR-UWSN technique helps to significantly boost the energy efficiency and lifetime of the UWSN. To ensure the improved performance of the IMCMR-UWSN technique, a series of simulations were carried out, and the comparative results reported the supremacy of the IMCMR-UWSN technique in terms of different measures.
Journal Article
Artificial intelligence techniques in IoT-sensor networks
\"Artificial Intelligence Techniques in IoT-Sensor Networks is a technical book which can be read by researchers, academicians, students and professionals interested in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Sensor Networks and Internet of Things (IoT). This book intends to develop a shared understanding of applications of AI techniques in the present and near term. The book maps the technical impacts of AI technologies, applications, and their implications on the design of solutions for sensor networks\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Optimization of sensor node location utilizing artificial intelligence for mobile wireless sensor network
Physical activity can be monitored via small low-power sensor nodes (SNs) that are widely dispersed over the earth. For WSN sensor nodes, GPS is one of the most commonly utilised localization algorithms. Military, industrial, and more recently, consumer and civil uses of GPS are all examples of its vast range of applications. Wi-Fi enabled smart sensors are the product of a combination of WSNs and embedded intelligent sensor structures. Building smart sensor systems relies heavily on AI methods. An innovative Hybrid DA-FA and several meta-heuristics are compared in this research paper as initial contribution. A single anchor node meta-heuristic algorithm is suggested to determine the location of a node using a range-based approach. In contrast to the randomly moving target nodes, the anchor node is fixed in the middle of the region. Line-of-Sight difficulties can now be alleviated to a greater extent thanks to the introduction of virtual anchor nodes. They have shown a significant improvement in localization accuracy and rapid convergence in mobility-based scenarios with a reduced number of anchor nodes. A comparison of the accuracy, localization error, and other metrics of both methods is included in the new approach. We have evaluated the DA-FA techniques performance for maximum error which is reduced to 21.53% in comparison of existing approach. However, the minimum error is reduced to 3.91%.
Journal Article