Journal Article

Advanced Endoscopic Procedures in Pregnancy

Chahal, Prabhleen, Sethi, Amrita, Banerjee, Subhas

2022

Overview

Sex-dependent increased lithogenicity is attributed to the female sex hormones (3). [...]pregnancy, a high estrogen and progesterone state, is a major risk factor for biliary stone formation. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, “exposure to less than 5 rad [50 mGy] has not been associated with an increase in fetal anomalies, growth restriction or abortion” (13). Draping the lower abdomen and pelvis reduces the exposure to the uterus, although most of the radiation exposure to the fetus comes from radiation scattered by the pregnant patient. [...]ancillary strategies (Table 1) to mitigate the risk of radiation exposure further should be implemented.Table 1. Pregnancy was an independent risk factor with an odds ratio of 2.8 (confidence interval [CI] 2.1–3.8) (27). The challenges with these techniques include inability to exclude cystic duct cannulation with wire and confirmation of ductal clearance. [...]some have described the safe use of cholangioscopy for the confirmation of selective ductal cannulation and clearance (23).

• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer,Wolters Kluwer Health Medical Research, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subject: Abdomen / Ablation / Amniotic fluid / Bile / Catheters / Cholangitis / Cholesterol / Drug dosages / Endoscopy / Endoscopy - methods / Estrogens / Female / Fetuses / Gallstones / Gastroenterology / Humans / Infections / Mortality / Multidisciplinary teams / Pancreatitis / Patients / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Complications - surgery / Radiation / Risk factors / Ultrasonic imaging / Uterus