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The social politics of dispossession
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Journal Article
The social politics of dispossession
2020
Overview
Extant studies on land dispossession often focus on its economic and extra-economic aspects, with respective emphasis on the operation of market mechanisms and the deployment of state-led coercion in bringing about the separation of households from their land. This article draws attention to the under-examined role of informal institutions in the politics of dispossession. Social organisations such as lineages and clans pervade grassroots societies and are central to land control and configurations of property rights. In China, the reconsolidation of lineages as share-holding corporations that develop real estate and operate land transfers has rendered them prominent actors in the politics of land and urbanisation. Drawing on an empirical case study, this article argues that informal institutions play a crucial role in mediating both the economic and extra-economic processes of dispossession. It further shows how, by providing the networks necessary for collective mobilisation and supplying the normative framework through which rightful shares in land are claimed, social organisations are at the same time instrumental in the organisation of anti-dispossession struggles. By unravelling the social dynamics that underlie land expropriation, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the politics of dispossession that goes beyond narratives of state-led coercion and market compulsion.
现有关于土地剥夺的研究往往侧重于其经济和“超经济”方面，前者强调市场机制的运行，后者强调运用国家主导的胁迫促成家庭与土地的分离。本文提请关注非正规机构在剥夺政治中发挥的作用，这一作用迄今尚未得到充分审视。诸如家族和宗族等社会组织遍布基层社会，是土地控制和产权配置的核心。在中国，一些血亲家族重新整合成为开发房地产和经营土地流转的股份制企业，使它们成为土地和城市化政治中的重要角色。本文以一个实证案例研究为基础，认为非正规机构在调节剥夺的经济和超经济过程中起着至关重要的作用。文章进一步表明，通过提供集体动员所必需的人际关系网络，并提供主张土地正当权益份额的规范框架，社会组织同时在组织反剥夺斗争中发挥作用。通过揭示土地征收背后的社会机制，本文提供了审视剥夺政治的一个细微视角，在国家主导型胁迫和市场强制角度之外另窥端倪。
