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Ultrasonic Disintegration of Municipal Sludge: Fundamental Mechanisms, Process Intensification and Industrial Sono‐Reactors
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Ultrasonic Disintegration of Municipal Sludge: Fundamental Mechanisms, Process Intensification and Industrial Sono‐Reactors
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Journal Article
Ultrasonic Disintegration of Municipal Sludge: Fundamental Mechanisms, Process Intensification and Industrial Sono‐Reactors
2024
Overview
Sludge disintegration is an environmental and industrial challenge that requires intensive research and technological development. Sludge has a complex structure with a high yield of various chemical and biological compounds. Anaerobic digestion is the most commonly used process for sludge disintegration to produce biogas, detoxify sludge, and generate biosolids that can be used in agriculture . Biological cell lysis is the rate‐limiting cell lysis. This review discusses the application of sonolysis as a sludge pretreatment for enhanced anaerobic digestion via three combined processes: thermal destruction, hydrochemical shear forces, and radical oxidation. The mechanistic pathways of sono‐pretreatment to enhance biogas, sludge‐enhanced dewatering, activation of filamentous bacteria, oxidation of organic pollutants, release of heavy metals, reduction of bulking and foaming sludge, and boosting ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial activity are discussed in this review. This article also discusses the use of ultrasound in sludge disintegration, highlighting its potential in conjunction with Fenton and cation‐binding agents, and reviews common large‐scale sonoreactors available on the market..
Sludge disintegration is a key challenge in environmental management, requiring advanced techniques for effective treatment. This paper aims to discuss the ultrasonic disintegration as a pretreatment for sludge to enhance anaerobic digestion. Fundamentals of ultrasonic cavitation, involving thermal destruction, hydromechanical shear forces, and radical oxidation, are discussed. The synergy of ultrasound with chemical treatments like Fenton reagents and cation binding agents is highlighted for improved biogas production and sludge dewaterability. The review also explores large‐scale sono‐reactors and future research directions for optimizing ultrasonic sludge disintegration.
