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Late Pleistocene exploration and settlement of the Americas by modern humans
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Late Pleistocene exploration and settlement of the Americas by modern humans
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Journal Article
Late Pleistocene exploration and settlement of the Americas by modern humans
2019
Overview
The arrival and spread of humans across the American continent is a research topic of abiding interest. Numerous archaeological finds in recent years have led to a reappraisal of the timing of the first occupations, before the Clovis culture of 13,000 years ago. Genetic research—especially genomic research over the past 5 years—also points to probable earlier dates for the founder populations that spread from Beringia ∼15,000 years ago. Waters reviews these research advances and provides signposts to the promise of future genomic studies for enriching our knowledge of the ancestral history of humans in the Americas. Science , this issue p. eaat5447 North and South America were the last continents to be explored and settled by modern humans at the end of the Pleistocene. Genetic data, derived from contemporary populations and ancient individuals, show that the first Americans originated from Asia and after several population splits moved south of the continental ice sheets that covered Canada sometime between ~17.5 and ~14.6 thousand years (ka) ago. Archaeological evidence shows that geographically dispersed populations lived successfully, using biface, blade, and osseous technologies, in multiple places in North and South America between ~15.5 and ~14 ka ago. Regional archaeological complexes emerged by at least ~13 ka ago in North America and ~12.9 ka ago in South America. Current genetic and archaeological data do not support an earlier (pre–17.5 ka ago) occupation of the Americas.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science
