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Spectroscopic Approaches for Phosphorus Speciation in Soils and Other Environmental Systems
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Spectroscopic Approaches for Phosphorus Speciation in Soils and Other Environmental Systems
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Journal Article
Spectroscopic Approaches for Phosphorus Speciation in Soils and Other Environmental Systems
2011
Overview
In the past decades, environmental scientists have become increasingly involved in developing novel approaches for applying emerging spectroscopic techniques to complex environmental matrices. The objective of this review is to convey the most common chemical species of phosphorus reported for soils, sediments, model systems, and waste materials based on analyses by four spectroscopic techniques: X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Unique information is provided by each technique at a level of specificity that depends in part on matrix complexity. The X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques reveal inorganic and organic P species in intact environmental matrices or in chemical extracts, whereas the Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques can provide more specific bonding information about mineral or adsorbed P species in model analogs of matrix components. The most common P species in soils and sediments as indicated by spectroscopy are hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate minerals, phosphate adsorbed on Fe‐ and Al‐oxides, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, phosphate mono‐ and di‐esters, and phosphonates. Continued advancements in spectroscopic methods should improve speciation‐based models of P mobilization and transformations in the environment.
Publisher
American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society,American Society of Agronomy
Subject
/ Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation
/ Environmental Monitoring - methods
/ Esters
/ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
/ Geologic Sediments - analysis
/ iron
/ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation
/ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
/ Minerals
/ NMR
/ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
/ Phosphorus Compounds - analysis
/ Phosphorus Compounds - chemistry
/ soil
/ Soils
/ Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - instrumentation
/ Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - methods
/ Spectrum Analysis, Raman - instrumentation
/ Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods
