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α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies
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α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies
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Journal Article
α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies
2017
Overview
Two decades ago, α-synuclein was identified as a key player in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Wong and Krainc review the upstream factors and downstream cellular mechanisms associated with α-synuclein toxicity and discuss therapeutic efforts to target synucleinopathies.
Alterations in α-synuclein dosage lead to familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and its accumulation results in synucleinopathies that include PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Furthermore, α-synuclein contributes to the fibrilization of amyloid-b and tau, two key proteins in Alzheimer's disease, which suggests a central role for α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration. Recent studies of factors contributing to α-synuclein toxicity and its disruption of downstream cellular pathways have expanded our understanding of disease pathogenesis in synucleinopathies. In this Review, we discuss these emerging themes, including the contributions of aging, selective vulnerability and non-cell-autonomous factors such as α-synuclein cell-to-cell propagation and neuroinflammation. Finally, we summarize recent efforts toward the development of targeted therapies for PD and related synucleinopathies.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US
Subject
/ alpha-Synuclein - metabolism
/ Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
/ Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism
/ Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism
/ Golgi Apparatus - metabolism
/ Humans
/ Lewy Body Disease - metabolism
/ Multiple System Atrophy - metabolism
/ Parkinson Disease - metabolism
