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A pain-inducing centipede toxin targets the heat activation machinery of nociceptor TRPV1
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A pain-inducing centipede toxin targets the heat activation machinery of nociceptor TRPV1
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Journal Article
A pain-inducing centipede toxin targets the heat activation machinery of nociceptor TRPV1
2015
Overview
The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 ion channel is a polymodal nociceptor that responds to heat with exquisite sensitivity through an unknown mechanism. Here we report the identification of a novel toxin, RhTx, from the venom of the Chinese red-headed centipede that potently activates TRPV1 to produce excruciating pain. RhTx is a 27-amino-acid small peptide that forms a compact polarized molecule with very rapid binding kinetics and high affinity for TRPV1. We show that RhTx targets the channel’s heat activation machinery to cause powerful heat activation at body temperature. The RhTx–TRPV1 interaction is mediated by the toxin’s highly charged C terminus, which associates tightly to the charge-rich outer pore region of the channel where it can directly interact with the pore helix and turret. These findings demonstrate that RhTx binding to the outer pore can induce TRPV1 heat activation, therefore providing crucial new structural information on the heat activation machinery.
The venom of the Chinese red-headed centipede causes excruciating pain. Here, Yang
et al
. identify a novel toxin protein from the centipede venom and find that it can activate the nociceptive TRPV1 ion channel by binding to the channel’s outer pore to potentiate the heat activation machinery.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Pub. Group
Subject
/ 14/34
/ 14/63
/ 38/70
/ 38/77
/ 64/60
/ 82/81
/ 9/74
/ 96/63
/ Animals
/ Arthropod Venoms - metabolism
/ Binding
/ Bites and Stings - metabolism
/ Cloning
/ Heat
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Kinetics
/ Mice
/ NMR
/ Pain
/ Peptides
/ Science
/ Toxins
/ TRPV Cation Channels - chemistry
/ TRPV Cation Channels - genetics
/ TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism
/ Turret
/ Venom
