Journal Article

Gastric cancer

Lordick, Florian, Smyth, Elizabeth C, Grabsch, Heike I, van Grieken, Nicole CT, Nilsson, Magnus

2020

Overview

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death globally. Risk factors for the condition include Helicobacter pylori infection, age, high salt intake, and diets low in fruit and vegetables. Gastric cancer is diagnosed histologically after endoscopic biopsy and staged using CT, endoscopic ultrasound, PET, and laparoscopy. It is a molecularly and phenotypically highly heterogeneous disease. The main treatment for early gastric cancer is endoscopic resection. Non-early operable gastric cancer is treated with surgery, which should include D2 lymphadenectomy (including lymph node stations in the perigastric mesentery and along the celiac arterial branches). Perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with stage 1B or higher cancers. Advanced gastric cancer is treated with sequential lines of chemotherapy, starting with a platinum and fluoropyrimidine doublet in the first line; median survival is less than 1 year. Targeted therapies licensed to treat gastric cancer include trastuzumab (HER2-positive patients first line), ramucirumab (anti-angiogenic second line), and nivolumab or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 third line).

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Angiogenesis / Antiangiogenics / Biomarkers / Biopsy / Cancer / Chemotherapy / Classification / Clinical medicine / Deep learning / Disease / Epidemiology / ErbB-2 protein / Gastric cancer / Genes / Genomes / Immunotherapy / Infections / Laparoscopy / Lymph nodes / Medical prognosis / Medical research / Mesentery / Monoclonal antibodies / Morphology / Mortality / Mutation / Nutrient deficiency / Patients / PD-1 protein / Pembrolizumab / Platinum / Proteins / Risk analysis / Risk factors / Surgery / Survival / Targeted cancer therapy / Trastuzumab / Ultrasound