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BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis
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Journal Article
BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis
2025
Overview
Coinfections can alter the adaptive immune responses to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and hinder accurate diagnosis; however, their effect on host immunity to
Mycobacterium bovis
and disease progression is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural coinfection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on immune responses to
M. bovis
. Among 108 cattle examined, those coinfected with BLV showed a significantly higher intragranulomatous mycobacterial burden and more severe pathological lesions compared to animals infected with
M. bovis
alone. Additionally, coinfected animals demonstrated a granulomatous response characterized by reduced lymphocyte populations, increased neutrophil infiltration, and diminished granuloma encapsulation, suggesting a compromised antimycobacterial immune response. Supporting this hypothesis, BLV-infected cattle exposed to mycobacterial antigens displayed impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity (type IV hypersensitivity) to a purified protein derivative of
M. bovis
as well as reduced antibody response. These findings indicate that BLV coinfection influences the immunopathogenesis of bTB, exacerbates disease progression in cattle naturally infected with
M. bovis
, and may reduce the predictive reliability of diagnostic methods used in bTB control programs.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 631/326
/ Abdomen
/ Animals
/ Antigens
/ Cattle
/ Enzootic Bovine Leukosis - complications
/ Enzootic Bovine Leukosis - immunology
/ Enzootic Bovine Leukosis - virology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Immunity
/ Leukemia
/ Leukemia Virus, Bovine - immunology
/ Lungs
/ Mycobacterium bovis - immunology
/ Necrosis
/ Science
/ Tuberculosis, Bovine - diagnosis
