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Plasma-based antigen persistence in the post-acute phase of COVID-19

by Walt, David R , Deeks, Steven G , Durstenfeld, Matthew S , Swank, Zoe N , Luna, Michael A , Dalhuisen, Thomas , Huang, Beatrice , Spinelli, Matthew A , Martin, Jeffrey N , Glidden, David V , Goldberg, Sarah A , Senussi, Yasmeen , Chang Song, Celina , Peluso, Michael J , Zamora, Andhy , Borberg, Ella , Anglin, Khamal , Lu, Scott , Hsue, Priscila Y , Kelly, J Daniel , Viswanathan, Badri , Lew, Megan , Henrich, Timothy J , Clark, Alexus , Hoh, Rebecca

in Antibodies, Viral - blood / Antigens / Antigens, Viral - blood / Antigens, Viral - immunology / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - immunology / COVID-19 vaccines / Female / Humans / Immunization / Immunoreactivity / Infections / Male / Middle Aged / Nucleic acids / Pandemics / Plasma / Population studies / SARS-CoV-2 - immunology / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Vaccination / Viral diseases

2024

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2024

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2024

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Journal Article

Plasma-based antigen persistence in the post-acute phase of COVID-19

Walt, David R,

Deeks, Steven G,

Durstenfeld, Matthew S,

Swank, Zoe N,

Luna, Michael A,

Dalhuisen, Thomas,

Huang, Beatrice,

Spinelli, Matthew A,

Martin, Jeffrey N,

Glidden, David V,

Goldberg, Sarah A,

Senussi, Yasmeen,

Chang Song, Celina,

Peluso, Michael J,

Zamora, Andhy,

Borberg, Ella,

Anglin, Khamal,

Lu, Scott,

Hsue, Priscila Y,

Kelly, J Daniel,

Viswanathan, Badri,

Lew, Megan,

Henrich, Timothy J,

Clark, Alexus,

Hoh, Rebecca

2024

Overview

Persistent symptoms among some individuals who develop COVID-19 have led to the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 might, in some form or location, persist for long periods following acute infection.1,2 Studies on SARS-CoV-2 persistence to date, however, have been limited by small and non-representative study populations, short durations since acute infection, unclear documentation of vaccination and reinfection histories, and the absence of a true negative comparator group to assess assay specificity (appendix p 2). Coupled with a 2024 study of replication-competent virus in blood during acute infection,6 our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might seed distal sites through the bloodstream and establish protected reservoirs in some sites. Because our measurement of SARS-CoV-2 is via immunoreactivity, it cannot be assumed that every signal is specific for SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Antigens from related pathogens or the host can theoretically cross-react, differing from the detection of nucleic acid for which specificity is typically complete and direct analyte evaluation by sequencing is possible. [...]understanding the specificity of any immune-based assay purporting to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens is crucial and requires a large true negative group to precisely estimate false positivity.

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Publisher

Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited

Subject

Antibodies, Viral - blood

/ Antigens

/ Antigens, Viral - blood

/ Antigens, Viral - immunology

/ COVID-19

/ COVID-19 - immunology

/ COVID-19 vaccines