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The Terminal Oxidase Cytochrome bd Promotes Sulfide-resistant Bacterial Respiration and Growth
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Journal Article
The Terminal Oxidase Cytochrome bd Promotes Sulfide-resistant Bacterial Respiration and Growth
2016
Overview
Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) impairs mitochondrial respiration by potently inhibiting the heme-copper cytochrome
c
oxidase. Since many prokaryotes, including
Escherichia (E.) coli
, generate H
2
S and encounter high H
2
S levels particularly in the human gut, herein we tested whether bacteria can sustain sulfide-resistant O
2
-dependent respiration.
E. coli
has three respiratory oxidases, the cyanide-sensitive heme-copper
bo
3
enzyme and two
bd
oxidases much less sensitive to cyanide. Working on the isolated enzymes, we found that, whereas the
bo
3
oxidase is inhibited by sulfide with half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IC
50
= 1.1 ± 0.1 μM, under identical experimental conditions both
bd
oxidases are insensitive to sulfide up to 58 μM. In
E. coli
respiratory mutants, both O
2
-consumption and aerobic growth proved to be severely impaired by sulfide when respiration was sustained by the
bo
3
oxidase alone, but unaffected by ≤200 μM sulfide when either
bd
enzyme acted as the only terminal oxidase. Accordingly, wild-type
E. coli
showed sulfide-insensitive respiration and growth under conditions favouring the expression of
bd
oxidases. In all tested conditions, cyanide mimicked the functional effect of sulfide on bacterial respiration. We conclude that
bd
oxidases promote sulfide-resistant O
2
-consumption and growth in
E. coli
and possibly other bacteria. The impact of this discovery is discussed.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 64
/ 82/16
/ 82/29
/ 82/80
/ 82/83
/ Copper
/ Cyanides
/ E coli
/ Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins - deficiency
/ Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins - genetics
/ Enzymes
/ Escherichia coli - drug effects
/ Escherichia coli - enzymology
/ Escherichia coli - growth & development
/ Escherichia coli Proteins - genetics
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ Heme
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Hydrogen Sulfide - pharmacology
/ Kinetics
/ Oxidoreductases - deficiency
/ Science
/ Sulfides
