Journal Article

Derivation of Functional Human Astrocytes from Cerebral Organoids

Dezonne, Rômulo Sperduto, Sartore, Rafaela Costa, Nascimento, Juliana Minardi, Saia-Cereda, Verônica M., Alves-Leon, Soniza Vieira, Rehen, Stevens Kastrup, Martins-de-Souza, Daniel, Gomes, Flávia Carvalho Alcantara, Romão, Luciana Ferreira, de Souza, Jorge Marcondes

2017

Overview

Astrocytes play a critical role in the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte dysfunction results in several neurological and degenerative diseases. However, a major challenge to our understanding of astrocyte physiology and pathology is the restriction of studies to animal models, human post-mortem brain tissues, or samples obtained from invasive surgical procedures. Here, we report a protocol to generate human functional astrocytes from cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The cellular isolation of cerebral organoids yielded cells that were morphologically and functionally like astrocytes. Immunolabelling and proteomic assays revealed that human organoid-derived astrocytes express the main astrocytic molecular markers, including glutamate transporters, specific enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins. We found that organoid-derived astrocytes strongly supported neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth and responded to ATP through transient calcium wave elevations, which are hallmarks of astrocyte physiology. Additionally, these astrocytes presented similar functional pathways to those isolated from adult human cortex by surgical procedures. This is the first study to provide proteomic and functional analyses of astrocytes isolated from human cerebral organoids. The isolation of these astrocytes holds great potential for the investigation of developmental and evolutionary features of the human brain and provides a useful approach to drug screening and neurodegenerative disease modelling.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 13 / 13/106 / 14 / 14/19 / 14/63 / 631/378/2596/1308 / 631/378/87 / 82 / 82/58 / 9/10 / Animal models / Animals / Astrocytes / Astrocytes - cytology / Astrocytes - metabolism / Axonogenesis / Calcium / Calcium Signaling / Cells, Cultured / Central nervous system / Cerebral Cortex - cytology / Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics / Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism / Cytoskeleton / Degenerative diseases / Drug screening / Enzymes / Glutamic acid / Glutamic Acid - metabolism / Homeostasis / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Mice / multidisciplinary / Neuronal Outgrowth / Organoids / Organoids - cytology / Physiology / Pluripotency / Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology / Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism / Proteome - genetics / Proteome - metabolism / Science / Stem cell transplantation / Stem cells