Journal Article

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient nanoparticles: a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

Nghiem, Trung-Dung, Nguyen, Thi Thu Hien, Ly, Bich-Thuy, Yamaguchi, Ryosuke, Ho, Quoc Bang, Nguyen, Minh-Thang, Sekiguchi, Kazuhiko, Duong, Thanh Nam, Pham, Chau-Thuy, Nguyen, Thi Thu Thuy

2020

Overview

PM 0.1 has been believed to have adverse short- and long-term effects on human health. However, the information of PM 0.1 that is needed to fully evaluate its influence on human health and environment is still scarce in many developing countries. This is a comprehensive study on the levels, chemical compositions, and source apportionment of PM 0.1 conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. Twenty-four-hour samples of PM 0.1 were collected during the dry season (November to December 2015) at a mixed site to get the information on mass concentrations and chemical compositions. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to investigate the simultaneous influence of meteorological factors on fluctuations in the daily levels of PM 0.1 . Multiple linear regression models could explain about 50% of the variations of PM 0.1 concentrations, in which wind speed is the most important variable. The average concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (Ca 2+ , K + , Mg 2+ , Na + , NH 4 + , Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , C 2 O 4 2− ), and elements (Be, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Na, Fe, Mg, K, and Ca) were 2.77 ± 0.90 μg m −3 , 0.63 ± 0.28 μg m −3 , 0.88 ± 0.39 μg m −3 , and 0.05 ± 0.02 μg m −3 , accounting for 51.23 ± 9.32%, 11.22 ± 2.10%, 16.28 ± 2.67%, and 1.11 ± 0.94%, respectively. A positive matrix factorization model revealed the contributions of five major sources to the PM 0.1 mass including traffic (gasoline and diesel emissions, 46.28%), secondary emissions (31.18%), resident/commerce (12.23%), industry (6.05%), and road/construction (2.92%).

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Aluminum / Antimony / Aquatic Pollution / Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution / Cadmium / Calcium / Calcium ions / case studies / Chemical composition / Chromium / Copper / Developing countries / Diesel engines / Dry season / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecotoxicology / Emissions / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental Health / Environmental science / Gasoline / human health / industry / LDCs / Lead / Long-term effects / Magnesium / Manganese / Molybdenum / Nanoparticles / Nickel / Organic carbon / pollution / Regression analysis / Regression models / Research Article / Road construction / Selenium / Sodium / trade / traffic / Vietnam / Waste Water Technology / Water Management / Water Pollution Control / water solubility / Wind speed / Zinc