Journal Article

Nature and Nurturing: Parenting in the Context of Child Temperament

Kiff, Cara J., Zalewski, Maureen, Lengua, Liliana J.

2011

Overview

Accounting for both bidirectional and interactive effects between parenting and child temperament can fine-tune theoretical models of the role of parenting and temperament in children’s development of adjustment problems. Evidence for bidirectional and interactive effects between parenting and children’s characteristics of frustration, fear, self-regulation, and impulsivity was reviewed, and an overall model of children’s individual differences in response to parenting is proposed. In general, children high in frustration, impulsivity and low in effortful control are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative parenting, while in turn, many negative parenting behaviors predict increases in these characteristics. Frustration, fearfulness, and effortful control also appear to elicit parenting behaviors that can predict increases in these characteristics. Irritability renders children more susceptible to negative parenting behaviors. Fearfulness operates in a very complex manner, sometimes increasing children’s responses to parenting behaviors and sometimes mitigating them and apparently operating differently across gender. Important directions for future research include the use of study designs and analytic approaches that account for the direction of effects and for developmental changes in parenting and temperament over time.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Behavior Development / Behavioral Science and Psychology / Child / Child and School Psychology / Child Behavior / Child Behavior - psychology / Child psychology / Child Rearing / Child Rearing - psychology / Child, Preschool / Conceptual Tempo / Developmental Stages / Emotional Adjustment / Environmental Influences / Evidence / Fear / Female / Humans / Individual Characteristics / Individual Differences / Infant / Infant, Newborn / Interaction / Male / Negative Attitudes / Parent Child Relationship / Parent-Child Relations / Parenting - psychology / Parenting Styles / Parents / Parents & parenting / Personality Traits / Psychological Patterns / Psychology / Psychopathology / Resistance (Psychology) / Social Sciences / Temperament