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Biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and diadinoxanthin and function of initial pathway genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
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Biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and diadinoxanthin and function of initial pathway genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
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Journal Article
Biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and diadinoxanthin and function of initial pathway genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
2012
Overview
The biosynthesis pathway to diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin was elucidated in Phaeodactylum tricornutum by a combined approach involving metabolite analysis identification of gene function. For the initial steps leading to β-carotene, putative genes were selected from the genomic database and the function of several of them identified by genetic pathway complementation in Escherichia coli. They included genes encoding a phytoene synthase, a phytoene desaturase, a ζ-carotene desaturase, and a lycopene β-cyclase. Intermediates of the pathway beyond β-carotene, present in trace amounts, were separated by TLC and identified as violaxanthin and neoxanthin in the enriched fraction. Neoxanthin is a branching point for the synthesis of both diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin and the mechanisms for their formation were proposed. A single isomerization of one of the allenic double bounds in neoxanthin yields diadinoxanhin. Two reactions, hydroxylation at C8 in combination with a keto-enol tautomerization and acetylation of the 3'-HO group results in the formation of fucoxanthin.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Subject
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Diatoms
/ Escherichia coli - metabolism
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ genes
/ Genetic Complementation Test
/ genetics
/ Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase
/ Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase - genetics
/ Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase - metabolism
/ Intramolecular Lyases - genetics
/ Intramolecular Lyases - metabolism
/ lycopene
/ Oxidoreductases - metabolism
/ Plant physiology and development
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