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Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
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Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
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Journal Article
Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
2023
Overview
Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. The mosquito-lethal effect of ivermectin in clinical trials exceeds that predicted from in vitro laboratory experiments, suggesting that ivermectin metabolites have mosquito-lethal effect. The three primary ivermectin metabolites in humans (
i.e
., M1 (3″-
O
-demethyl ivermectin), M3 (4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin), and M6 (3″-
O
-demethyl, 4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin) were obtained by chemical synthesis or bacterial modification/metabolism. Ivermectin and its metabolites were mixed in human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to
Anopheles dirus
and
Anopheles minimus
mosquitoes, and mortality was observed daily for fourteen days. Ivermectin and metabolite concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the concentrations in the blood matrix. Results revealed that neither the LC
50
nor LC
90
values differed between ivermectin and its major metabolites for
An. dirus
or
An. minimus.
, Additionally, there was no substantial differences in the time to median mosquito mortality when comparing ivermectin and its metabolites, demonstrating an equal rate of mosquito killing between the compounds evaluated. These results demonstrate that ivermectin metabolites have a mosquito-lethal effect equal to the parent compound, contributing to
Anopheles
mortality after treatment of humans.
