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Attomolar-sensitive milk fever sensor using 3D-printed multiplex sensing structures
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Journal Article
Attomolar-sensitive milk fever sensor using 3D-printed multiplex sensing structures
2025
Overview
The diagnosis of milk fever or
hypocalcemia
in lactating cows has a significant economic impact on the dairy industry. It is challenging to identify asymptomatic subclinical
hypocalcemia
(SCH) in transition dairy cows. Monitoring subclinical
hypocalcemia
in milk samples can expedite treatment and improve the health, productivity, and welfare of dairy cows. In this study, an attomolar-sensitive sensor is developed using extrusion-based 3D-printed sensing structures to detect the ratio of ionized calcium to phosphate levels in milk samples. The unique geometries of the lateral structure of 3D-printed sensors, along with the wrinkled surfaces, provide a limit of detection down to the attomole (138 a
m
) concentration of the target analyte. The calcium-to-phosphate ratio in milk samples not only provides early disease indications but also enables on-site testing. This highly selective test is validated using real milk and blood samples, and the results are compared with those of commercial meters. This fast response (~10 s) low-cost sensor opens a promising tool for the farm-side diagnostic of dairy cows that can promote best practice management of dairy cows.
A 3D-printed sensor with surface-wrinkled structures detects subclinical
hypocalcemia
in dairy cows by measuring the calcium-to-phosphate ratio in milk. With attomolar sensitivity and rapid results, it enables early treatment, improving cow health and productivity.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
