Journal Article

Occupational radiation exposure and risk of cataract incidence in a cohort of US radiologic technologists

Preston, Dale L., Hamada, Nobuyuki, Miller, Jeremy S., Bernier, Marie-Odile, Cahoon, Elizabeth K., Kitahara, Cari M., Borrego, David, Alexander, Bruce H., Little, Mark P., Linet, Martha S., Meyer, Craig, Simon, Steven L., Velazquez-Kronen, Raquel, Doody, Michele M.

2018

Overview

It has long been known that relatively high-dose ionising radiation exposure (> 1 Gy) can induce cataract, but there has been no evidence that this occurs at low doses (< 100 mGy). To assess low-dose risk, participants from the US Radiologie Technologists Study, a large, prospective cohort, were followed from date of mailed questionnaire survey completed during 1994–1998 to the earliest of self-reported diagnosis of cataract/cataract surgery, cancer other than non-melanoma skin, or date of last survey (up to end 2014). Cox proportional hazards models with age as timescale were used, adjusted for a priori selected cataract risk factors (diabetes, body mass index, smoking history, race, sex, birth year, cumulative UVB radiant exposure). 12,336 out of 67,246 eligible technologists reported a history of diagnosis of cataract during 832,479 person years of follow-up, and 5509 from 67,709 eligible technologists reported undergoing cataract surgery with 888,420 person years of follow-up. The mean cumulative estimated 5-year lagged eye-lens absorbed dose from occupational radiation exposures was 55.7 mGy (interquartile range 23.6-69.0 mGy). Five-year lagged occupational radiation exposure was strongly associated with self-reported cataract, with an excess hazard ratio/mGy of 0.69 × 10⁻³ (95% CI 0.27 × 10⁻³ to 1.16 × 10⁻³, p < 0.001). Cataract risk remained statistically significant (p = 0.030) when analysis was restricted to < 100 mGy cumulative occupational radiation exposure to the eye lens. A non-significantly increased excess hazard ratio/mGy of 0.34 × 10⁻³ (95% CI – 0.19 × 10⁻³ to 0.97 × 10⁻³, p = 0.221) was observed for cataract surgery. Our results suggest that there is excess risk for cataract associated with radiation exposure from low-dose and low dose-rate occupational exposures.

• Publisher: Springer,Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V,Springer Verlag
• Subject: Adult / Allied Health Personnel - statistics & numerical data / Body mass index / Body size / Cancer / Cardiology / Cataract - epidemiology / Cataract - etiology / Cataracts / Diabetes mellitus / Diagnosis / Environmental Sciences / Epidemiology / Exposure / Eye lens / Hazards / Health hazards / Humans / Incidence / Infectious Diseases / Ionizing radiation / Male / Medical personnel / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Melanoma / Middle Aged / Occupational Diseases - epidemiology / Occupational Diseases - etiology / Occupational exposure / Occupational Exposure - adverse effects / Occupational Exposure - analysis / Occupational health / Oncology / Public Health / Radiation dosage / Radiation effects / RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY / Radiation Exposure - adverse effects / Radiation Exposure - statistics & numerical data / Radiology / Risk analysis / Risk Factors / Skin / Smoking / Statistical analysis / Statistical models / Surgery / Technologists / Technology, Radiologic - statistics & numerical data / United States / Young Adult