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Fine particle characterization in a coastal city in China: composition, sources, and impacts of industrial emissions
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Fine particle characterization in a coastal city in China: composition, sources, and impacts of industrial emissions
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Journal Article
Fine particle characterization in a coastal city in China: composition, sources, and impacts of industrial emissions
2020
Overview
Aerosol composition and sources have been extensively studied in
developed regions in China. However, aerosol chemistry in coastal regions of
eastern China with high industrial emissions remains poorly characterized.
Here we present a comprehensive characterization of aerosol composition and
sources near two large steel plants in a coastal city in Shandong in fall
and spring using a PM2.5 time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation
monitor. The average (±1σ) mass concentration of PM2.5
in spring 2019 (54±44 µg m−3) was approximately twice that
(26±23 µg m−3) in fall 2018. Aerosol composition was
substantially different between the two seasons. While organics accounted
for ∼30 % of the total PM2.5 mass in both seasons,
sulfate showed a considerable decrease from 28 % in September to 16 % in
March, which was associated with a large increase in nitrate contribution
from 17 % to 32 %. Positive matrix factorization analysis showed that
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) dominated the total OA in both seasons, accounting on average for 92 % and 86 %, respectively, while the
contribution of traffic-related hydrocarbon-like OA was comparable
(8 %–9 %). During this study, we observed significant impacts of steel plant
emissions on aerosol chemistry nearby. The results showed that aerosol
particles emitted from the steel plants were overwhelmingly dominated by
ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium bisulfate with the peak concentration reaching as
high as 224 µg m−3. Further analysis showed similar mass ratios for
NOx∕CO (0.014) and NOx∕SO2 (1.24) from the two different
steel plants, which were largely different from those during periods in the
absence of industrial plumes. Bivariate polar plot analysis also supported
the dominant source region of ammonium sulfate, CO, and SO2 from the
southwest steel plants. Our results might have significant implications for
better quantification of industrial emissions using ammonium sulfate and the
ratios of gaseous species as tracers in industrial regions and nearby in the
future.
