Journal Article

Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV–infected rhesus macaques

Feldmann, Heinz, Falzarano, Darryl, Scott, Dana P, Rasmussen, Angela L, Munster, Vincent J, Feldmann, Friederike, Katze, Michael G, Okumura, Atsushi, Benecke, Arndt G, Brining, Doug, Martellaro, Cynthia, Baseler, Laura, Bushmaker, Trenton, de Wit, Emmie

2013

Overview

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has killed ∼50% of individuals known to be infected, making understanding its mechanisms of transmission and pathogenesis and identifying candidate treatments a high priority. Heinz Feldmann, Vincent J. Munster and Michael G. Katze and their colleagues now report that treating MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques with interferon-α2b and ribavirin reduced virus replication and infection severity, suggesting the potential use of this combination for the clinical treatment of infected humans. The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is of global concern: the virus has caused severe respiratory illness, with 111 confirmed cases and 52 deaths 1 at the time of this article's publication. Therapeutic interventions have not been evaluated in vivo ; thus, patient management relies exclusively on supportive care, which, given the high case-fatality rate, is not highly effective. The rhesus macaque is the only known model organism for MERS-CoV infection, developing an acute localized to widespread pneumonia with transient clinical disease 2 , 3 that recapitulates mild to moderate human MERS-CoV cases 4 , 5 . The combination of interferon- α 2b and ribavirin was effective in reducing MERS-CoV replication in vitro 6 ; therefore, we initiated this treatment 8 h after inoculation of rhesus macaques. In contrast to untreated, infected macaques, treated animals did not develop breathing abnormalities and showed no or very mild radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Moreover, treated animals showed lower levels of systemic (serum) and local (lung) proinflammatory markers, in addition to fewer viral genome copies, distinct gene expression and less severe histopathological changes in the lungs. Taken together, these data suggest that treatment of MERS-CoV infected rhesus macaques with IFN- α 2b and ribavirin reduces virus replication, moderates the host response and improves clinical outcome. As these two drugs are already used in combination in the clinic for other infections, IFN- α 2b and ribavirin should be considered for the management of MERS-CoV cases.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 692/699/255/2514 / 692/700/565/1436 / Abnormalities / Animals / Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use / Bacterial pneumonia / Biomedicine / Cancer Research / Care and treatment / Case studies / Coronavirus - physiology / Coronavirus Infections - drug therapy / Coronaviruses / Disease transmission / Dosage and administration / Gene expression / Health aspects / Health services / Infectious Diseases / Inoculation / Interferon / Interferon alfa-2b / Interferon alpha-2 / Interferon-alpha - therapeutic use / letter / Lungs / Macaca mulatta / Metabolic Diseases / Middle East respiratory syndrome / Molecular Medicine / Mortality / Neurosciences / Pathogenesis / Pneumonia / Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Recombinant Proteins - therapeutic use / Replication / Respiratory diseases / Rhesus monkey / Ribavirin / Ribavirin - therapeutic use / Therapeutic applications / Virus Replication / Viruses