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Zika virus — reigniting the TORCH
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Journal Article
Zika virus — reigniting the TORCH
2016
Overview
The placenta forms the foremost barrier that protects the developing fetus during pregnancy in eutherian organisms. However, diverse pathogens such as
Toxoplasma gondii
, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus can breach this barrier. In this Opinion article, Coyne and Lazear review mechanisms of vertical transmission, with a focus on the current Zika virus epidemic.
The recent association between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy and fetal microcephaly has led to a renewed interest in the mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and cause congenital disease. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the structure and cellular composition of the human placenta and of the mechanisms by which traditional 'TORCH' pathogens (
Toxoplasma gondii
, other, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) access the fetal compartment. Based on our current understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis and the developmental defects that are caused by fetal ZIKV infection, ZIKV should be considered a TORCH pathogen and future research and public health measures should be planned and implemented accordingly.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animals
/ Complications and side effects
/ Female
/ Fetuses
/ Humans
/ Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
/ Placenta
/ Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control
/ Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology
/ Rubella
/ Virology
/ Viruses
/ Zika Virus Infection - complications
/ Zika Virus Infection - congenital
