Journal Article

Dengue virus pathogenesis and host molecular machineries

Ravi Kumar, Y. S., Roy, Riya, Phadnis, Sushant, Meena, Varsha, Sinha, Saumya, Singh, Kinjal, Bhattacharyya, Sankar, Verma, Bhupendra

2024

Overview

Dengue viruses (DENV) are positive-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. DENV is the causative agent of dengue, the most rapidly spreading viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Each year, millions of people contract the virus through bites from infected female mosquitoes of the Aedes species. In the majority of individuals, the infection is asymptomatic, and the immune system successfully manages to control virus replication within a few days. Symptomatic individuals may present with a mild fever (Dengue fever or DF) that may or may not progress to a more critical disease termed Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or the fatal Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In the absence of a universally accepted prophylactic vaccine or therapeutic drug, treatment is mostly restricted to supportive measures. Similar to many other viruses that induce acute illness, DENV has developed several ways to modulate host metabolism to create an environment conducive to genome replication and the dissemination of viral progeny. To search for new therapeutic options, understanding the underlying host-virus regulatory system involved in various biological processes of the viral life cycle is essential. This review aims to summarize the complex interaction between DENV and the host cellular machinery, comprising regulatory mechanisms at various molecular levels such as epigenetic modulation of the host genome, transcription of host genes, translation of viral and host mRNAs, post-transcriptional regulation of the host transcriptome, post-translational regulation of viral proteins, and pathways involved in protein degradation.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Animals / Antibodies / Aquatic insects / Biodegradation / Biological activity / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Cell cycle / Culicidae / Cytokine storm / Dengue - virology / Dengue fever / Dengue hemorrhagic fever / Dengue virus / Dengue Virus - genetics / Dengue Virus - pathogenicity / Dengue Virus - physiology / Dengue viruses / Development and progression / Disease transmission / DNA methylation / Epigenetic inheritance / Epigenetics / Epigenomic regulation / Flaviviridae / Gene expression / Gene regulation / Genes / Genetic transcription / Genetic translation / Genomes / Genomics / Health aspects / Hemorrhagic fever / Host-Pathogen Interactions / Humans / Immune system / Infection / Infections / Medical prognosis / Messenger RNA / Mortality / Mosquitoes / Pathogenesis / Physiological aspects / Post-transcription / Post-transcriptional modifications / Post-translation / Post-translational modifications / Proteins / Proteolysis / Regulatory mechanisms (biology) / Replication / Review / RNA polymerase / RNA viruses / Transcription regulation / Transcriptomes / Translation regulation / Vaccines / Vector-borne diseases / Viral diseases / Viral infections / Viral proteins / Virus Replication / Viruses