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Detection of Thelazia callipaeda in Phortica variegata and spread of canine thelaziosis to new areas in Spain
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Detection of Thelazia callipaeda in Phortica variegata and spread of canine thelaziosis to new areas in Spain
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Journal Article
Detection of Thelazia callipaeda in Phortica variegata and spread of canine thelaziosis to new areas in Spain
2018
Overview
Background
The fruit fly
Phortica variegata
(Drosophilidae: Steganinae) feeds on the ocular secretions of animals and humans, and has been described as an intermediate host of the eye worm
Thelazia callipaeda
(Spirurida: Thelaziidae) in Italy. Despite the increased detection of
T. callipaeda
in many European countries, information about its vector role in natural conditions is still limited. In the Iberian Peninsula, thelaziosis caused by
T. callipaeda
has been reported in dogs, cats, red foxes, wild rabbits and humans.
Methods
In the last seven years, we have detected increased numbers of cases of canine thelaziosis at three locations in mainland Spain: Site 1, La Vera region (Cáceres Province, central-western Spain; 51 cases); Site 2, El Escorial municipality (Madrid Community, central Spain; 23 cases); and Site 3, Miraflores de la Sierra municipality (Madrid Community, central Spain; 41 cases). Site 1 is considered endemic for
T. callipaeda
while the other two sites have been recently recognised as risk zones for
T. callipaeda
infection.
Results
From June 2016 to September 2017, 2162 flies were collected and morphologically identified as
Phortica
spp. (Site 1,
n
= 395; Site 2,
n
= 1544; and Site 3,
n
= 223). Upon dissection, third-stage
T. callipaeda
larvae were found in two out of 155 flies examined from Site 1, and both these larvae tested molecularly positive for the eye worm. Of the 395 flies collected from Site 1, 371 were molecularly processed for arthropod species identification and
T. callipaeda
detection. All 371 flies were identified as
P. variegata
and 28 (7.5%; 95% CI: 4.8–10%) tested positive for
T. callipaeda
DNA haplotype 1.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that
T. callipaeda
circulates among dogs and
P. variegata
in Spain, where zoonotic cases have been also reported. The co-existence of canine thelaziosis and
Phortica
spp. in geographical areas previously considered free of the eye worm indicates a risk of infection for both animals and humans living in this region.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
13th Symposium on Companion Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD)
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ DNA
/ Dogs
/ Drosophilidae - parasitology
/ Eye Infections, Parasitic - epidemiology
/ Eye Infections, Parasitic - transmission
/ Eye Infections, Parasitic - veterinary
/ eyes
/ Eyeworms
/ Flies
/ Humans
/ Insect Vectors - parasitology
/ Italy
/ risk
/ Spain
/ Spirurida Infections - epidemiology
/ Spirurida Infections - parasitology
/ Spirurida Infections - transmission
/ Spirurida Infections - veterinary
/ Thelazioidea - isolation & purification
/ Vector
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
