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Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs
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Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs
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Journal Article
Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs
2021
Overview
Chagas disease is caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
and transmitted by the triatomine
Mepraia spinolai
in the southwest of South America. Here, we examined the
T
.
cruzi
-infection dynamics of field-caught
M
.
spinolai
after laboratory feeding, with a follow-up procedure on bug populations collected in winter and spring of 2017 and 2018. Bugs were analyzed twice to evaluate
T
.
cruzi-
infection by PCR assays of urine/fecal samples, the first evaluation right after collection and the second 40 days after the first feeding. We detected bugs with: the first sample positive and second negative (+/-), the first sample negative and second positive (-/+), and with both samples positive or negative (+/+; -/-). Bugs that resulted positive on both occasions were the most frequent, with the exception of those collected in winter 2018. Infection rate in spring was higher than winter only in 2018. Early and late stage nymphs presented similar
T
.
cruzi
-infection rates except for winter 2017; therefore, all nymphs may contribute to
T
.
cruzi
-transmission to humans. Assessment of infection using two samples represents a realistic way to determine the infection a triatomine can harbor. The underlying mechanism may be that some bugs do not excrete parasites unless they are fed and maintained for some time under environmentally controlled conditions before releasing
T
.
cruzi
, which persists in the vector hindgut. We suggest that
T
.
cruzi
-infection dynamics regarding the three types of positive-PCR results detected by follow-up represent: residual
T
.
cruzi
in the rectal lumen (+/-), colonization of parasites attached to the rectal wall (-/+), and presence of both kinds of flagellates in the hindgut of triatomines (+/+). We suggest residual
T
.
cruzi
-infections are released after feeding, and result 60–90 days after infection persisting in the rectal lumen after a fasting event, a phenomenon that might vary between contrasting seasons and years.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
/ Chagas Disease - parasitology
/ Chagas Disease - transmission
/ Dynamics
/ Feeding
/ Female
/ Hindgut
/ Humans
/ Insect Vectors - growth & development
/ Insect Vectors - parasitology
/ Insects as carriers of disease
/ Male
/ Medicine and Health Sciences
/ Nymph - growth & development
/ Nymphs
/ PCR
/ Protozoa
/ Rectum
/ Research and Analysis Methods
/ Samples
/ Seasons
/ Spring
/ Summer
/ Triatominae - growth & development
/ Trypanosoma cruzi - genetics
/ Trypanosoma cruzi - isolation & purification
/ Trypanosoma cruzi - physiology
/ Winter
