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Journal Article
Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in bacterial vortex lattices
2016
Overview
Hydrodynamic coupling induces a vortex state in bacterial populations. Microfluidic experiments and modelling now demonstrate that lattices of these vortices can self-organize into patterns characterized by ferro- and antiferromagnetic order.
Despite their inherently non-equilibrium nature
1
, living systems can self-organize in highly ordered collective states
2
,
3
that share striking similarities with the thermodynamic equilibrium phases
4
,
5
of conventional condensed-matter and fluid systems. Examples range from the liquid-crystal-like arrangements of bacterial colonies
6
,
7
, microbial suspensions
8
,
9
and tissues
10
to the coherent macro-scale dynamics in schools of fish
11
and flocks of birds
12
. Yet, the generic mathematical principles that govern the emergence of structure in such artificial
13
and biological
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
14
systems are elusive. It is not clear when, or even whether, well-established theoretical concepts describing universal thermostatistics of equilibrium systems can capture and classify ordered states of living matter. Here, we connect these two previously disparate regimes: through microfluidic experiments and mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that lattices of hydrodynamically coupled bacterial vortices can spontaneously organize into distinct patterns characterized by ferro- and antiferromagnetic order. The coupling between adjacent vortices can be controlled by tuning the inter-cavity gap widths. The emergence of opposing order regimes is tightly linked to the existence of geometry-induced edge currents
15
,
16
, reminiscent of those in quantum systems
17
,
18
,
19
. Our experimental observations can be rationalized in terms of a generic lattice field theory, suggesting that bacterial spin networks belong to the same universality class as a wide range of equilibrium systems.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Publishing Group [2005-....]
Subject
