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Natural Hendra Virus Infection in Flying-Foxes - Tissue Tropism and Risk Factors
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Natural Hendra Virus Infection in Flying-Foxes - Tissue Tropism and Risk Factors
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Journal Article
Natural Hendra Virus Infection in Flying-Foxes - Tissue Tropism and Risk Factors
2015
Overview
Hendra virus (HeV) is a lethal zoonotic agent that emerged in 1994 in Australia. Pteropid bats (flying-foxes) are the natural reservoir. To date, HeV has spilled over from flying-foxes to horses on 51 known occasions, and from infected horses to close-contact humans on seven occasions. We undertook screening of archived bat tissues for HeV by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Tissues were tested from 310 bats including 295 Pteropodiformes and 15 Vespertilioniformes. HeV was detected in 20 individual flying-foxes (6.4%) from various tissues including spleen, kidney, liver, lung, placenta and blood components. Detection was significantly higher in Pteropus Alecto and P. conspicillatus, identifying species as a risk factor for infection. Further, our findings indicate that HeV has a predilection for the spleen, suggesting this organ plays an important role in HeV infection. The lack of detections in the foetal tissues of HeV-positive females suggests that vertical transmission is not a regular mode of transmission in naturally infected flying-foxes, and that placental and foetal tissues are not a major source of infection for horses. A better understanding of HeV tissue tropism will strengthen management of the risk of spillover from flying-foxes to horses and ultimately humans.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
/ Animals
/ Bats
/ Female
/ Females
/ Hendra Virus - isolation & purification
/ Henipavirus Infections - epidemiology
/ Henipavirus Infections - pathology
/ Henipavirus Infections - virology
/ Horses
/ Liver
/ Lungs
/ Male
/ Placenta
/ Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
/ Spleen
/ Studies
/ Tissues
/ Tropism
/ Urine
/ Viruses
