Journal Article

Three Members of the 6-cys Protein Family of Plasmodium Play a Role in Gamete Fertility

Kroeze, Hans, Khan, Shahid M., van Dooren, Maaike W., Eling, Wijnand M., van Dijk, Melissa R., Waters, Andrew P., Stunnenberg, Hendrik G., Janse, Chris J., van Schaijk, Ben C. L., Ramesar, Jai, Kaczanowski, Szymon, Sauerwein, Robert W., van Gemert, Geert-Jan

2010

Overview

The process of fertilization is critically dependent on the mutual recognition of gametes and in Plasmodium, the male gamete surface protein P48/45 is vital to this process. This protein belongs to a family of 10 structurally related proteins, the so called 6-cys family. To identify the role of additional members of this family in Plasmodium fertilisation, we performed genetic and functional analysis on the five members of the 6-cys family that are transcribed during the gametocyte stage of P. berghei. This analysis revealed that in addition to P48/45, two members (P230 and P47) also play an essential role in the process of parasite fertilization. Mating studies between parasites lacking P230, P48/45 or P47 demonstrate that P230, like P48/45, is a male fertility factor, consistent with the previous demonstration of a protein complex containing both P48/45 and P230. In contrast, disruption of P47 results in a strong reduction of female fertility, while males remain unaffected. Further analysis revealed that gametes of mutants lacking expression of p48/45 or p230 or p47 are unable to either recognise or attach to each other. Disruption of the paralog of p230, p230p, also specifically expressed in gametocytes, had no observable effect on fertilization. These results indicate that the P. berghei 6-cys family contains a number of proteins that are either male or female specific ligands that play an important role in gamete recognition and/or attachment. The implications of low levels of fertilisation that exist even in the absence of these proteins, indicating alternative pathways of fertilisation, as well as positive selection acting on these proteins, are discussed in the context of targeting these proteins as transmission blocking vaccine candidates.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Animals / Base Sequence / Blotting, Northern / Blotting, Western / Cell Biology/Microbial Growth and Development / Female / Fertility / Gene Expression / Gene Expression Profiling / Gene mutations / Genetic aspects / Genetics / Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics / Germ cells / Germ Cells - metabolism / Infectious Diseases/Protozoal Infections / Infectious Diseases/Tropical and Travel-Associated Diseases / Malaria / Male / Medical research / Microbiology/Parasitology / Molecular Sequence Data / Parasites / Plasmodium berghei - physiology / Plasmodium falciparum / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Polymorphism, Genetic / Proteins / Protozoan Proteins - genetics / Protozoan Proteins - metabolism / Sexual reproduction