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Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses
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Journal Article
Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses
2025
Overview
Henipaviruses, such as Hendra and Nipah viruses, are major zoonotic pathogens that cause encephalitis and respiratory infections in humans and animals. The recent emergence of Langya virus in China highlights the need to understand henipavirus host diversity and geographic spread to prevent future outbreaks. Our analysis of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus and VIRION databases revealed ≈1,117 henipavirus sequences and 142 complete genomes. Bats (64.7%) and shrews (11.7%) dominated the host species record, and the genera Pteropus and Crocidura contained key henipavirus hosts in Asia, Australia, and Africa. Henipaviruses found in the Eidolon bat genus exhibited the highest within-host genetic distance. Phylogenetic analysis revealed batborne and rodent- or shrew-derived henipaviruses diverged ≈11,000 years ago and the first known lineage originating in Eidolon genus bats ≈9,900 years ago. Pathogenic henipaviruses diverged from their ancestors 2,800-1,200 years ago. Including atypical hosts and regions in future investigations is necessary to control future outbreaks.
Publisher
U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subject
/ Bats
/ Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses
/ Genomes
/ Henipavirus - classification
/ Henipavirus Infections - epidemiology
/ Henipavirus Infections - transmission
/ Henipavirus Infections - veterinary
/ Henipavirus Infections - virology
/ Humans
/ Identification and classification
/ Laos
/ Metadata
/ Vaccines
/ Viruses
/ Zoonoses
