Journal Article

Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram‐negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan

Ntoumi, Francine, Tembo, John, Hamid, Muzamil M. Abdel, Ippolito, Giuseppe, McHugh, Timothy D., Mahgoub, Elsheikh, Elbadawi, Hana S., Elhag, Kamal M., Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf, Altayb, Hisham N., Elton, Linzy, Zumla, Alimuddin

2021

Overview

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a complex threat to global health security and universal health coverage. Recently, nosocomial infections with carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing worldwide. We report the molecular characterization and detection of genes associated with carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum State, Sudan. Results Between October 2016 and February 2017, a total of 206 GNB clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients in SUH. Of 206 carbapenem resistance isolates, 171 (83 %) were confirmed as phenotypically resistant and 121 (58.7 %) isolates harboured one or more carbapenemase genes. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, bla NDM 107(52 %), followed by bla IMP 7 (3.4 %), bla OXA-48 5(2.4 %) and bla VIM 2 (0.9 %). Co-resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3 %) of all bla NDM producing isolates. NDM-1 was the most frequent subtype observed in 75 (70 %) bla NDM producing isolates. The highest percentage of resistance was recorded in ampicillin (98 %), cephalexin (93.5 %) amoxicillin clavulanic acid (90 %), cefotaxime (89.7 %), ceftriaxone (88.4 %), ceftazidime (84.2 %), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.4 %) and nitrofurantoin (75.2 %), aztreonam (66 %) and temocillin (64 %). A close correlation between phenotypic and carbapenemase genes detection in all GNB was observed. Conclusions The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be high in SUH. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Age groups / Amoxicillin / Ampicillin / Antibiotics / Antimicrobial agents / Antimicrobial resistance / Aztreonam / Bacilli / Bacteria / Bacterial infections / Biological Microscopy / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Carbapenemase / Carbapenemase resistant genes / Cefotaxime / Ceftazidime / Ceftriaxone / Cephalexin / Clavulanic acid / Clinical isolates / Drug resistance in microorganisms / E coli / Enzymes / Genes / Genetic aspects / genomics and proteomics / Genotype / Global health / Gram negative bacteria / Gram-negative bacilli / Health aspects / Hospitalized patients / Identification and classification / Laboratories / Life Sciences / Metallo-β-lactamase / Metallography / Microbial genetics / Microbiology / Multidrug‐resistant / Mycology / Nitrofurantoin / Nosocomial infection / Nosocomial infections / Parasitology / Patients / Pediatrics / Penicillin / Pneumonia / Public health / Research Article / Sudan / Sulfamethoxazole / Temocillin / Trimethoprim / Virology / β Lactamase