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Clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and associations with type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective cohort study
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Clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and associations with type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective cohort study
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Journal Article
Clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and associations with type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective cohort study
2023
Overview
Background
About one in ten adults are living with diabetes worldwide. Intake of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods are often identified as modifiable risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes. However, strong correlation between food variables can make it difficult to identify true associations. The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and analyse their associations with type 2 diabetes incidence in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort in southern Sweden.
Methods
Dietary intake of 26 622 participants was assessed using a validated three-part diet history method: a 7-day food diary, a 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and a 60-minute interview. K-means clustering analysis identified five clusters from 21 food variables. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between clusters and incident type 2 diabetes.
Results
The cluster analysis resulted in five clusters;
high vegetables/low added sugar
,
high sugar-sweetened beverages
,
high juice
,
high fruit
, and
high refined carbohydrates/low fruit & vegetables
(reference). During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounding (including lifestyle, body mass index, and diet), a
high fruit
cluster (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.94) was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes compared to the reference cluster. No other significant associations were identified.
Conclusions
A dietary pattern defined by a high intake of fruits was associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings provide additional evidence of a potential protective effect from fruit intake in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Future studies are needed to explore this association further.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Adult
/ Alcohol
/ Bread
/ Cancer
/ Cereals
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
/ Diaries
/ Diet
/ Energy
/ Exercise
/ Females
/ Food
/ food frequency questionnaires
/ Fruit
/ Fruits
/ Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
/ Humans
/ juices
/ Medicine
/ Methods
/ noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
/ Recipes
/ risk
/ Sucrose
/ Sugar
/ Sweden
