Journal Article

Low Muscle Strength Is Associated with Metabolic Risk Factors in Colombian Children: The ACFIES Study

Cohen, Daniel Dylan, Duperly, John, Hormiga, Claudia, Gómez-Arbeláez, Diego, Trejos-Suarez, Juanita, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Camacho, Paul Anthony, Pinzon, Sandra

2014

Overview

In youth, poor cardiorespiratory and muscular strength are associated with elevated metabolic risk factors. However, studies examining associations between strength and risk factors have been done exclusively in high income countries, and largely in Caucasian cohorts. The aim of this study was to assess these interactions in schoolchildren in Colombia, a middle income Latin American country. We measured body mass index, body composition, handgrip strength (HG), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic risk factors in 669 low-middle socioeconomic status Colombian schoolchildren (mean age 11.52±1.13, 47% female). Associations between HG, CRF and metabolic risk factors were evaluated. HG and CRF were inversely associated with blood pressure, HOMA index and a composite metabolic risk score (p<0.001 for all) and HG was also inversely associated with triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) (both p<0.05). Associations between HG and risk factors were marginally weakened after adjusting for CRF, while associations between CRF and these factors were substantially weakened after adjusting for HG. Linear regression analyses showed inverse associations between HG and systolic BP (β = -0.101; p = 0.047), diastolic BP (β = -0.241; p> = 0.001), HOMA (β = -0.164; p = 0.005), triglycerides (β = -0.583; p = 0.026) and CRP (β = -0.183; p = 0.037) but not glucose (p = 0.698) or HDL cholesterol (p = 0.132). The odds ratios for having clustered risk in the weakest quartile compared with the strongest quartile were 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.81-4.95). In Colombian schoolchildren both poorer handgrip strength/kg body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with a worse metabolic risk profile. Associations were stronger and more consistent between handgrip and risk factors than between cardiorespiratory fitness and these risk factors. Our findings indicate the addition of handgrip dynamometry to non-invasive youth health surveillance programs would improve the accuracy of the assessment of cardio-metabolic health.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Analysis / Biology and Life Sciences / Birth weight / Blood Pressure / Body Composition / Body mass / Body Mass Index / Body size / C-reactive protein / C-Reactive Protein - analysis / Cardiorespiratory fitness / Child / Children / Children & youth / Cholesterol / Colombia - epidemiology / Confidence intervals / Elementary school students / Exercise / Female / Fitness / Hand Strength / Health aspects / Health surveillance / High density lipoprotein / Humans / Income / Insulin / Male / Measurement methods / Medicine / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mens health / Metabolic Diseases - blood / Metabolic Diseases - diagnosis / Metabolic Diseases - etiology / Metabolism / Muscle Strength / Musculoskeletal system / Nutrition / Physical Fitness / Regression analysis / Risk analysis / Risk assessment / Risk Factors / Socioeconomics / Sports medicine / Statistical analysis / Teenagers / Triglycerides / Triglycerides - blood / Young adults / Youth