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"Steel, C. E. W"
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The Cambridge companion to Cicero
\"Cicero was one of classical antiquity's most prolific, varied and self-revealing authors. His letters, speeches, treatises and poetry chart a political career marked by personal struggle and failure and the collapse of the republican system of government to which he was intellectually and emotionally committed. They were read, studied and imitated throughout antiquity and subsequently became seminal texts in political theory and in the reception and study of the Classics. This Companion discusses the whole range of Cicero's writings, with particular emphasis on their links with the literary culture of the late Republic, their significance to Cicero's public career and their reception in later periods\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The End of the Roman Republic 146 to 44 BC
In 146 BC the armies of Rome destroyed Carthage and emerged as the decisive victors of the Third Punic War. The Carthaginian population was sold and its territory became the Roman province of Africa. In the same year and on the other side of the Mediterranean Roman troops sacked Corinth, the final blow in the defeat of the Achaean conspiracy: thereafter Greece was effectively administered by Rome. Rome was now supreme in Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Macedonia, Sicily, and North Africa, and its power and influence were advancing in all directions.
However, not all was well. The unchecked seizure of huge tracts of land in Italy and its farming by vast numbers of newly imported slaves allowed an elite of usually absentee landlords to amass enormous and conspicuous fortunes. Insecurity and resentment fed the gulf between rich and poor in Rome and erupted in a series of violent upheavals in the politics and institutions of the Republic. These were exacerbated by slave revolts and invasions from the east. The instigation of Rome's first professional army to resolve the crises soon made its generals - Sulla, then Pompey, then Caesar - all too powerful. Meanwhile Greek ideas and culture had invaded Rome, contributing to the subversion of the Roman ideal of the free citizen, farmer of his own land, duty-bound to fight in its defence.
Catherine Steel tells history of this crucial and turbulent century, focussing on the issues of freedom, honour, power, greed and ambition, and the cherished but abused institutions of the Republic which were central to events then and which have preoccupied historians ever since.
eBook
Institutions and ideology in Republican Rome : speech, audience and decision
\"Institutions and Ideology in Republican Rome This volume brings together a distinguished international group of researchers to explore public speech in Republican Rome in its institutional and ideological contexts. The focus throughout is on the interaction between argument, speaker, delivery and action. The chapters consider how speeches acted alongside other factors - such as the identity of the speaker, his alliances, the deployment of against opponents, physical location and appearance of other members of the audience, and non-rhetorical threats or incentives - to affect the beliefs and behaviour of the audience. Together they offer a range of approaches to these issues and bring attention back to the content of public speech in Republican Rome as well as its form and occurrence. The book will be of interest not only to ancient historians, but also to those working on ancient oratory and to historians and political theorists working on public speech\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Cambridge Companion to Cicero
Cicero was one of classical antiquity's most prolific, varied and self-revealing authors. His letters, speeches, treatises and poetry chart a political career marked by personal struggle and failure and the collapse of the republican system of government to which he was intellectually and emotionally committed. They were read, studied and imitated throughout antiquity and subsequently became seminal texts in political theory and in the reception and study of the Classics. This Companion discusses the whole range of Cicero's writings, with particular emphasis on their links with the literary culture of the late Republic, their significance to Cicero's public career and their reception in later periods.
eBook
CICERO’S LETTERS COMPLETED
The four Harvard volumes of Cicero's \"Letters to Friends\" complete Shackleton Bailey's new Loeb edition of Cicero's letters, and offer what is now the most convenient and accessible compendium. The juxtaposition of the letter fragments with other letters to friends, in so accessible a form, is very welcome: it serves as a reminder of how extensive Cicero's correspondence was. All these volumes fulfil the aims of the Loeb series with flair and panache, and the new material in the volume of letters to Quintus and Brutus is a delight. (Quotes from original text)
Journal Article
F. P. Pina Polo (trans. E. Leiss): Contra arma verbis: Der Redner vor dem Volk in de späten römischen Republik. (HABES 22.) Pp. 216. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1996. Paper. ISBN: 3-515-06854-6
Public speaking becomes more important in the last century of the Republic because it oers those outside the charmed circle of the aristocracy a way into politics, and the censors edict of 92 arises above all from anxieties that wider access to rhetorical training would compromise the power of the lite (pp. 828). There is a good discussion of the disadvantage that Catiline faced in 63 in not having potestas contionandi (pp. 448) and of Brutus failuredespite Ciceros construction of him as the next great hope for Roman eloquenceto inuence the people in 44 (p. 159), though P.P. sometimes passes over minor points rather quickly: so (p. 34 n. 2) the interesting observation that Catulus in 62 is an exception to the convention that speakers addressed the people from a platform could be expanded further in the context of Caesars campaign against him: the episode is one more humiliation. U.s carefully exhaustive and intelligent study tackles the persistent theme of Gallic demonology, specically the thought or the threat of bellum Gallicum or rebellio Gallic(an)a in Roman literary tradition, and does it well.
Journal Article
MORE, BUT DIFFERENT
Reviews 'Vom Handeln der Romer: Kommunikation und Interaktion der politischen Fuhrungsschicht vor Ausbruch des Burgerkriegs im Briefwechsel mit Cicero', by W. C. Schneider. The object of Schneider's study is how the political elite at Rome communicated and dealt with one another in the period before the outbreak of the Pompeius-Caesar civil war, and his approach is avowedly anthropological in inspiration, cast in terms of a search for the grammar ordering social relations. Cicero's letters are essential material for the enquiry, because they provide the only contemporary evidence. (Quotes from original text)
Journal Article
Roman Trials
A. M. Riggsby's 'Crime and Community in Ciceronian Rome' is not primarily a book about Ciceronian oratory but uses his speeches to discover the basis for conviction and acquittal. Riggsby takes an original approach to politics and the courts, asking what the 'judicia publica' were, how they functioned, and what the concept of crime meant in the late Republic. Criminal trials are always political, he concludes, because 'the purpose of the 'judicia publica' was to try persons for harms done to the community as a whole'.
Journal Article