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"Extinction (Biology)"
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The last days of the dinosaurs : an asteroid, extinction, and the beginning of our world
\"The Last Days of the Dinosaurs by Riley Black tells the story of the extinction of these prehistoric creatures and the beginning of our world ...\"-- Provided by publisher.
Correction to “Long‐term community shifts driven by local extinction of an iconic foundation species following an extreme marine heatwave”
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10235.].
Journal Article
The Impact of the Honeybee IApis mellifera/I on the Organization of Pollination Networks Is Positively Related with Its Interactive Role throughout Its Geographic Range
Studies at local spatial scales have shown that the generalist honeybee Apis mellifera L. can strongly affect the structural organization and properties of pollination networks. However, there is still little knowledge on how the connectivity of the honeybee within networks (i.e., interactive role) could affect pollination networks at a global scale. To fill this gap, we evaluated how the interactive role of A. mellifera could affect niche overlap, specialization, and robustness of pollination networks. We used 109 weighted pollination networks spread across about 94 degrees of latitude and 227 degrees of longitude. We developed a new standardized framework based on species removal to assess the impact of the honeybee on plant-pollinator networks. We found that when the honeybee was removed from the networks, plant species had less niche overlap (i.e., shared fewer interactions via their pollinators) and the networks became more specialized and more robust to species extinctions. Our findings indicate that A. mellifera’s effects on pollination networks vary geographically and could influence several ecological and evolutionary factors acting at local scales, including pollination services. We hope this contribution will stimulate new macroecological studies involving abundant and generalist species and their functional roles within ecological communities.
Journal Article
Climate-Related Local Extinctions Are Already Widespread among Plant and Animal Species
Current climate change may be a major threat to global biodiversity, but the extent of species loss will depend on the details of how species respond to changing climates. For example, if most species can undergo rapid change in their climatic niches, then extinctions may be limited. Numerous studies have now documented shifts in the geographic ranges of species that were inferred to be related to climate change, especially shifts towards higher mean elevations and latitudes. Many of these studies contain valuable data on extinctions of local populations that have not yet been thoroughly explored. Specifically, overall range shifts can include range contractions at the \"warm edges\" of species' ranges (i.e., lower latitudes and elevations), contractions which occur through local extinctions. Here, data on climate-related range shifts were used to test the frequency of local extinctions related to recent climate change. The results show that climate-related local extinctions have already occurred in hundreds of species, including 47% of the 976 species surveyed. This frequency of local extinctions was broadly similar across climatic zones, clades, and habitats but was significantly higher in tropical species than in temperate species (55% versus 39%), in animals than in plants (50% versus 39%), and in freshwater habitats relative to terrestrial and marine habitats (74% versus 46% versus 51%). Overall, these results suggest that local extinctions related to climate change are already widespread, even though levels of climate change so far are modest relative to those predicted in the next 100 years. These extinctions will presumably become much more prevalent as global warming increases further by roughly 2-fold to 5-fold over the coming decades.
Journal Article
Extinction and evolution : what fossils reveal about the history of life
\"A resource on fossils and the stories they tell of the history of life on earth.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Le réalisme tactique du tribunal : l’art pour contrer les crimes climatiques
Les dérèglements climatiques produisent une crise humaine profondément existentielle dont les symptômes se mesurent à l'écoanxiété que plusieurs ressentent aujourd'hui. C'est souvent avec impuissance que nous observons les répercussions du réchauffement de la planète et celles de la pollution et de l'exploitation barbare des ressources, qui entrainent déjà des cataclysmes en plus de causer l'extinction d'innombrables espèces. Une peur semblable était palpable pendant la guerre froide, l'arme ment nucléaire ayant alors fait craindre l'extermination d'une grande partie de la vie sur Terre. Or, cette menace n'était qu'hypothétique en comparaison de ce que représentent maintenant les bouleversements climatiques (1).
Journal Article